INTERLINKS OF FAMINE,DISASTER, MASS UNREST AND INTERRUPTION TO GOVERNMENT

INTERLINKS OF FAMINES, DISASTER, MASS UNREST AND

                   INTERRUPTION TO GOVERNMENT

KEY NOTE

 The 1917 October Socialist Revolution of Russia faced with the problems, in its practical forms, in the transition from capitalist to socialist economic development.  This was the first time in world history, a socialist government was forming in to communism, with strategic battling, since the lack of experience.  The Socialist Government of Russia in between 1917 - 1924 faced with impended catastrophes in three dimensions.  One was famine, after long persisted civil wars, shortage of food, endangering the food security of thousands of working class populace.  The Russian government happened to regulate food distribution by food ration system.  The second threat was from the anti revolutionary movements of the thousands and thousands of upper class, land lords, bankers and company holders, and this anti revolutionary movements coincided with the widespread civil unrest and civil wars.  More calamities were risen in the social organizations with the patronage of such upper strata of the society.  The third disaster was emerged and created with in the coalition government itself.  In the government abode [coalition] political parties had no clear idea of transforming the economic system in  communist reforms, specially a rivalry was battling with the "Mensheviks", as they were appeared for the upper class category, and were attempting to retard the progress in transition to socialist system.  In general way, they were laggards of without, of any meaningful vision.  V.I. Lenin's these writings are more useful for the government of the Third World Countries.  I think, this may be more useful to Ministers in our  new government in Sri Lanka. [V.I. Lenin, "QUESTIONS OF THE SOCIALIST ORGANIZATION OF THE ECONOMY"  -articles and speeches-  Progress Publishers, Moscow]  We have to be careful about the high rank trade union leaders, who have been the partners of the inefficiency and lost of public sector enterprises/business in the third world.  In this book Lenin has highly made declaration that, " some short of "dictatorship" is necessary at initiation of new economic order".  Don't forget this.

1. Preamble

In the history of politics, there are adequate incidences of interlinks between the states of famines, disaster, anti-government movements, civil unrest and interruption to governance.  If one could read the writings of V.I. Lenin published during 1917-1926, on the issues interrelated with the governance of Soviet Russia after revolutionary movements in 1905, February, 1917, and October, 1917. 

V.I. Lenin

Lenin had clearly grasped the issues interconnected with the questions of socialist organization of the economy, as he had identified combatting three issues, such as: i. counter revolutionary movement of descending capitalist systems, effects of vicious impacts of the World War 1, as it had made huge destruction in the Russian economic and social systems, and the incidental civil wars; ii. Chaos of landlords, capitalist organizations and bourgeois, and related sabotage activists; and iii. Catastrophe such as famine, disasters interfered with food and drinks.  V.I. Lenin had identified the two hands of the movements of “revolution” as, i. Democratic Revolution, and ii. Socialist Revolution, and he believed the notion of ‘Dictatorship” after the Socialist Revolution to transformation to socialist organization of the economy.

2. Anti Revolutionary Status in 1917

   The writings of Lenin are most useful to leaders of underdeveloped countries to condition their political knowledge to understand that sources of interruptive movements in their countries that could be come in to function after democratic revolutions, after establishment of new governance and attempting to new social and economic order. Specifically, this piece of knowledge is more important to our new government in Sri Lanka, which is established in 8^th, January, 1915, and in 17^th, August 1915 by the people of Sri Lanka, by a radical democratic path.  This incidence is very similar to the revolutions of Russia, one in February, 1917, and the other in October, 1917, which change the tyrant rule of King Nicholas 11, (1868-1918).  The corruptions and inefficiency to manage disasters of World War, and other civil wars, and the dictatorship and luxurious life styles of tsar rulers were the rampant issues of rebellions, specially proletariat armies and mobs, against to specially King Nicholas 11.   V. l. Lenin used media propaganda through Bolshevik leadership to educate proletariat leadership of the interruptive issues of transformation to new economic order. He knew, antigovernment media are more vicious and capable of reversing the progressive movements in transformation.  The Lenin has reported the circumstances faced by the coalition government after revolution of February, 1917, as the political bourgeois of the parties who accepted post of ministers were not in one opinion in the government and were controversial with issues of chaos, specially Mensheviks with the Bolsheviks.  Lenin mentioned, they in coalition hold high post in the government without experience and visions of transformation to emulation organizations.  This is GOOD LESSION to us.

    The threefold questions faced by Lenin rule in Russia after 1917, with the establishment of socialist government in Russia can resemble to the conflict faced model illustrated in a Sinhala poem descending in the ‘Folklore”, the ‘poem’  states this way:

“ Kele Gingidaya Dutuwoth             Vanasaya

Linde Pannidaya Vatunoth Uoo              Kaya

Athakin Karawaleki Athakin        Dandu Beya

Marana Thunak Athi Minihek          Pani Kaya”

English Translation

“Elephant is in the jungle, if confront, (you) will be thrashed,

Cobra rests in the deep well bed, if (you) fall in, it will bite to you,

A snake “Karawala” in one hand, and a comb of honey in other hand,

Overwhelming in the three deadly risks, a man ate the comb of honey”

Lenin’s Government (the new governments of February and October, 1917) faced similar problems as indicated in the “poem”:

1.   The elephant in the jungle resembles to: the repercussions of the World War 1, and other Civil Wars with counter-revolutionary movements,

2.   Panninda, a cobra in the well resembles to: sabotage movements of capitalist organizations, land lords and upper and middle capital class like “bourgeois”, and

3.   A snake “Karawala” in one hand resembles to: Catastrophes like, famines, disasters and lack of food and water, and chaos of the party disunity in the coalition in management basic needs;

4.   Finally, A Honey Comb in other hand resembles to: Efforts to progress the objectives of the “Revolution”.

V.I. Lenin ate the Honey Comb”, as Bolsheviks could progress the revolution and transformation until establishment of Soviet Union.

3. Questions of the Socialist Organization of the Economy

     Lenin has wrote s series of review articles on the above issues after the revolutions in 1917.  “The October socialist revolution in Russia raised the problems of the transition from capitalist to socialist economic development in its practical forms for the first time in world history; in the speeches and writings published in this book Lenin summaries the experience of the years immediately following the Revolution and indicates the chief ways of setting economic development on the socialist path, (Progress Publishers in “V.I. Lenin- questions of the Socialist Organization of the Economy; Progress publishers, Moscow).

Famine and Communal Unrest

     Marx and Engels lived in the 19^th century are the founders of the theories of scientific socialism, and this theoretic arena led to revolution in Russia in 1917.  They showed that the capitalist socio-economic formation was based on the exploitation of man by man, would generate class structure with in the social system creating uneven living standards and prestige favorable of capital accumulation of bourgeois class.  They thought this system inevitably going to be perished, and be replaced by the socialist system of the society. This was the scientifically established fact for transformation of economic system, but it takes time with experience.   Lenin had identified this phenomenon, and he wrote in 1918,

          “we knew this when we took power in order to set about Socialist reorganization, but we could not know either the forms the transformation would take or the rate of development of the actual reorganization.  Instruction of a decisive nature can be evolved only by collective experience, by the experience of millions, because for our business, the business of socialist construction, the experience of the hundreds and hundreds of thousands of the upper strata of society who have hitherto made history in both landowner and capitalist society is insufficient”, (Ibid).   Lenin has accrued credit by facing to this stage of transformation through his writings, through experience of millions of people Lenin found profound remedies solutions to the complicated and most difficult problems of socialist construction, the applicability and the correctness of his solutions and applications of systems has been realized in the course of Russian social history by: i. the higher rate of growth of Soviet economy, ii. the magnificent achievements of the Soviet people in life, education and economic wellbeing, iii. the achievements in science and technology, iv. In an overall view, the successful development of socialist economy in Soviet Union, and v. successful development of general wellbeing and the socialist economy in other socialist countries.

Joseph Stalin

The writings and the speeches of V.I. Lenin cover a wide range of problems and questions confronted in the process of revolutionary transformation of economy, mainly on:

*the nationalization and management of industry,

*the scientific basis for the solution of the agrarian problems (this is based on the famous Decree on the Land),

*systems for means and ways of socializing farming, and agriculture prospects,

*the questions and solutions for socialist economic planning,

*the creation of new labor disciplines and organization of emulation for socialist competition,

*the participation of workers and the peasants in the government, and

*workers’, mainly labor and associated workers, and peasants’ “Inspection-Supervision” mechanisms/systems.

Abstracts of Selected Writings

4.. The Impending Catastrophe and How to Combat It

4.1 Famine is Approaching

In a document published in October, 1917, Lenin has given serious attention to the famine and impact of famine. He warned that “…half a year of revolution has elapsed.  The catastrophe is still closer.  Unemployment has assumed a mass scale.   …there is shortage of goods in the country, the country is perishing from the shortage of food, from a shortage of labour, although there is a sufficient quantity of grain and raw materials-yet in such a country, at such a critical movement, there is mass unemployment!”  Lenin was warning of impending catastrophe, and he wrote, “Unavoidable catastrophe is threatening Russia.  The railways are incredibly disorganized and the disorganization is progressing.  ..The transport of raw materials and coal to the factories will cease.  The transport of grains will cease.  The capitalists are deliberately and consistently sabotaging (damaging, stopping, disrupting, hampering) production, hoping …collapse of the republic and democracy, and of the Soviets and the proletarian and peasant associations generally, .. thus facilitating the return to a monarchy and the restoration of the supremacy of the bourgeoisie and landlords.   …the danger of a catastrophe of unprecedented dimensions and of famine is imminent.  All the newspapers have written about this”.

Lenin highly impressed that the desperate measures are necessary to combat it, as he stressed that “heroic efforts” are needed as necessary solutions by the people to avert ruin and perish.  Lenin was vague and vagish of less progress,    and he wrote: “What better evidence is required to show that after six months of revolution (some call a great revolution, but, .. be fairer to call a rotten revolution)… with an abundance of unions, organs and institutions which proudly call themselves “revolutionary democratic”, absolutely nothing of any importance has been done to avert catastrophe?  We are reaching ruin with increasing speed, the War will not wait; it is causing increasing dislocation in every sphere of national life”.

4.2 Complete Government Inactivity

Lenin accused the systems of government as they disabled to implement measures to combat catastrophe.  Lenin stressed the necessity to quite, clearly and definitely identify the viable, chief and principal measures of combating such challenges, catastrophe and famine.  These measures included:

*measures to control, supervision, accounting, regulation by the state to combat and to avert catastrophe and famine,

*Introduction of proper distribution of labour power in the production and distribution of goods,

* regulating and husbanding of the people’s forces,

*eliminating of all waste of effort, economy of effort,

*adoption of control, supervision and accounting.

Lenin accused the Mensheviks and the Socialist – Revolutionaries, who had majority in the Soviets during the first six months of the revolution,  who took part in the “Coalition Government” for less progress and allowing the capitalists and landowners to frustrate all control.  Lenin, identified the new coalition government of Russia after ‘revolution” evenly forming economic emulation in a womb of the old order’

(V.I. Lenin  Questions of the Socialist Organization of the Economy, progress Publishers, Moscow).

   

Prosters attacking to a bus
 in Sri lanka

LENIN IDENTIFIED, AFTER RUSSIAN REVOLUTION THE ‘COALITION GOVERNMENT’ FORMED WITH MENSHEVIKS (BOURGEORIS), SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARIES, AND BOLSHEVIKS FAILED TO COMFRON TO CATASTROPHE AND FAMINE AFTER REVOLUTION, BECAUSE MANY OF CONTROL WERE AFRAID IN FEAR OF UPRISING OF LANDLORDS AND CAPITALIST ORGANIZATIONS.  Powerful ex-ministerial gangs of politicians who pretending they are again coming to power will confuse the mass as well as the actors in the administrative systems, and that suspect be fearful, can control over progress and turn back, and let government to stagnate economic growth, and lead for sabotage of services, as it happened after revolution in 1917, under the new “coalition government of Russia”.  To me some ministers in our “Coalition Government” of Sri Lanka stand in bi-cameral instability, with only hope to be MINISTER, AND TO CONSUME ALL PREVILEDGES, but, nothing in mind think about poor mass and tax payers.

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1905 Russian Revolution

Military Conflict

“The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies”. Wikipedia

The Russian Revolution in 1905 was derived against to the monarchy of tsar, with workers strikes, military mutinies and mass unrest risen by the capitalist economy.  The political resolutions introduced in the governance were not capable to tackle the rampant issues prevailed in the social economic system, thus the revolutionary movements did not end, and the struggles of proletariat strata furthered.

February Revolution of 1917

“The February Revolution was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was centered on Petrograd, then the Russian capital, on Women's Day in March. The revolution was confined to the capital and its vicinity, and lasted less than a week”. Wikipedia

October Revolution 1917

“The October Revolution, officially known in the Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution, and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution”, Wikipedia

Russian Revolution of 1917

“By 1917 the bond between the tsar and most of the Russian people had been broken. Governmental corruption and inefficiency were rampant. The tsar’s reactionary policies, including the occasional dissolution of the Duma, or Russian parliament, the chief fruit of the 1905 revolution, had spread dissatisfaction even to moderate elements. The Russian Empire’s many ethnic minorities grew increasingly restive under Russian domination”.(Ibid)

Joseph Stalin

“In 1917, two revolutions swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting in motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union. In March, growing civil unrest, coupled with chronic food shortages, erupted into open revolt, forcing the abdication of Nicholas II (1868-1918), the last Russian czar. Just months later, the newly installed provisional government was itself overthrown by the more radical Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924).(Ibid)

·        

Joseph Stalin: Fast Fa

V.I. Lenin

·        

Revolutionary Movenment in  1917

The Fall of the Soviet Union

Note: Reproduction from Wikipedia.

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONs: BACKGROUND

“By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar Nicholas II. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution, when it opposed his will. However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution–the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917–was Russia’s disastrous involvement in World War I (1914-18). Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar”.(Ibid)

1917

February Revolution begins

(Note: Reproduction from Wikipedia.

“In Russia, the February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar) begins when riots and strikes over the scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd. One week later, centuries of czarist rule in Russia ended with the abdication of Nicholas II, and Russia took a dramatic step closer toward communist revolution”.

“By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of the czarist regime. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the Revolution of 1905, when it opposed his will. However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution–the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917–was Russia’s disastrous involvement in World War I. Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar”.

“On March 8, 1917, demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg). Supported by 90,000 men and women on strike, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets. On March 10, the strike spread among all of Petrograd’s workers, and irate mobs of workers destroyed police stations. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or “council,” of workers’ committees, following the model devised during the Revolution of 1905.”

“On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets, and the troops began to waver. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Duma. On March 12, the revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers, some 150,000 men, subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet”.

“The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. On March 14, the Petrograd Soviet issued “Order No. 1,” which instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. The next day, March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael, whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy”.

“The new provincial government, tolerated by the Petrograd Soviet, hoped to salvage the Russian war effort while ending the food shortage and many other domestic crises. It would prove a daunting task. Meanwhile, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik revolutionary party, left his exile in Switzerland and crossed German enemy lines to return home and take control of the Russian Revolution”.

“After Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed by Bolshevik forces in July 1918, the killers hid the victims’ mutilated bodies. The remains were discovered and exhumed in the late 1970s near Yekaterinburg, Russia, and eventually identified through DNA testing.”

FEBRUARY REVOLUTION: 1917

“The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 1917 (or February 23 on the Julian calendar), when demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now called St. Petersburg). Supported by huge crowds of striking industrial workers, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets. On March 10, the strike spread among all of Petrograd’s workers, and irate mobs destroyed police stations. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or council, of workers’ committees, following the model devised during the 1905 revolution”.(Ibid)

“On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets and the troops began to waver. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Duma. On March 12, the revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet”.

“The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. On March 14, the Petrograd Soviet issued Order No. 1, which instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. The next day, March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael (1878-1918), whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy”.

BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION: 1917

“In the aftermath of the February Revolution, power was shared between the weak provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet. Then, on November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why this event is also referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head”.

“Lenin became the virtual dictator of the first Marxist state in the world. His government made peace with Germany, nationalized industry and distributed land, but beginning in 1918 had to fight a devastating civil war against anti-Bolshevik White Army forces. In 1920, the anti-Bolsheviks were defeated, and in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established”. 

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                                             DR. DHARMADASA TENNAKOON
                                                     [B.A; PG DIPLOMA; M.A; Ph.D]
                                                                               SOCIAL SCIENTIST
                                [EX. SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW AT HARTI, COLOMBO, SRI LANKA]    


ADDRESS: 27/6 MENIK WATTA, KALALGODA, PANNIPITIYA, SRI LANKA
                                                                                                                    
                                                  EMAIL: dingiri50@gmail.com           Teleohone: +94 72 865 8467
______________________________________________________________________________________ 

I HAVE COVERED MY HIGHER EDUCATION IN SEVERAL FIELDS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

*B.A. in Geography, [second class honours], University of Ceylon, 1972;
*Post Graduate Diploma in "Land Settlement and Development", University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1977;
*Field Certificate on "Jordan River Valley Development Project", University of Jordan,  Jordan, 1986;
* M.A. in Rural Social Development, University of Reading, U.K ,1987;
*Certificate of "Social Science Research Methodology", University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka, 1980;
*Ph.D. in Development Studies,  Deakin University, Australia, 1996;

I have published a book on " Dimensions of Rural Poverty In Sri Lanka", HARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2000.

At present, I am reading on several fields i.e., Freedom/Liberty, Profiles of Poverty among working class people, Folklore in Sri Lanka, Peace and Order, and Interlinks of Economic Development and Social Change in Developing Countries.
I expect comments of readers of my articles, your kind cooperation may improve the quality of my writing.
Thanks
Dr. Dharmadasa tennakoon

_____________________________________________________________________________

 

                           THEORY OF POLITICAL SCAMS

                                             Dr. DharmadasaTennakoon

1.ABSTRACT

     I attending to work on collecting information and facts to formulate theoretical approach to identify the systems associated with the process of “SCAM” or “SCAMING”, or “SCAMISM” to establish a set of knowledge to analyze under the lines of “THEORY OF SCAMS”,   “THEORY of POLOTICAL SCAMS”.  The word of “scam” is derived from the word of ‘scamp”, which gives a sound and profound meaning of ‘scoundrel”, or “trickery” or “swindler”.   The word “scam” gives wide and deep meaning to grasp the criminal and fraudulent activities in broad terms of social and politics.  The word “scam” means a variety of actions of frauds, cybercrimes, social crimes, i.e. cheating, rob and steal, coup-trickery, criminal gossips, etc.  The Scams Crimes can be put in to two main categories:  1. Social Scams, and 2. Political Scams.

     The Scammers proceed with offensive and anti-social actions with “false transcripts” of false and fake documents and correspondence, regardless they may be of persons or of institutions, or may be para legal organization experts of preparation of false legal documents to swindle money or property, to make social family problems, to debase the persons’ or community dignity and the character, and most offensively to attack on Governments, political parties, parliamentarians, and the ‘Higher Rank Executive Officialdom”.

    A special category of scammers are arising in third world countries, mostly with leftist political wings to disable all the democratic governance and the democratic organizations for transforming the economy.  This scam action is under my studies, and this action interlinks with the anti-government politics, and, I have name this offence as “POLITICAL SCAM”.

    “The scammers highly use internets, electronic communication, media propaganda, journals, posters, public meetings, premises of education, and higher education, and students’ organizations, and even premises of parliament to give high voice and publicity to these scams, made of false information, gossips and false correspondence and transcripts”.

2. CATEGORIES OF SCAMS

   The Scams Crimes can be put in to two main categories:  1. Social Scams, and 2. Political Scams.  The Scammers proceed with offensive and anti-social actions with “false transcripts” of false and fake documents and correspondence, regardless they may be of persons or of institutions, or may be para legal organizational experts of preparation of false legal documents to swindle money or property, to make social family problems, to debase the persons’ or community dignity and the character, and most offensively to attack on Governments, political parties, parliamentarians, and the ‘Higher Rank Executive Officialdom”.

2.1  Social Scams

    The under current ideology of social scams is undergone with broad aspects of evil actions of man.  The activity of social scams has many facets.  The social scams can be subdivided in to four sub categories:

i.Offensive Fraudulent Legal Actions/Scams

    Lenard Woolf, in the first quarter of 20^th century has reported an example of “social scams”, in his book on “Village in the Jungle”.  According to Woolf, a person named “Arachchi” or village headman, and his friend “kamburupitiyeMudalali” were dominating the village affairs, though all villagers were relatives descending from one clan.  Mudalali was attemting to make affairs with Babun’s wife, but babun was a barrier for that.  Mudalali and Arachchi discussed on this matter, and agreed to make a trap to detach Babun from village.  In night they hid the Mudalali’s wooden box with his properties in a tiny shrub in the backyard of Babun’s house.  Next day morning they were searching the box, and they found the box in the shrub closed to backyard of Babun’s house.   Arachchi declared his suspicionthat Babun has stolen the box of Mudalali, and Arachchi as village headman proceeded Babun before the court with false and fake documents;Thecourt punished him, imprisoned for a year.  Inoffensive Babun was punished by a scam activity.

ii. Cyber Scams

   Individuals attempt cyber scams using internets and other electronic media.  This type of social scams are involved with cybercrimes with underlined hopes to attend, monetary frauds and defraud actions.

iii. Swindling Actions/Scams

   The undercurrent objective of this type of social scams is to monetary frauds and property frauds, with articulated transcripts and documents prepared to convince the clients to complete the scam.  This type of scammers use internet and other electronic media to communicate with clients/victims.  Many scammers appear themselves as lawyers, Bank managers, ministry officials, UN officials, managers of charity organizations, philanthropist, etc.  It is believed that some scammers of this category are of organized terrorist movements, those who are involved in fund raising for their political movements.  It is believed that some countries in the Third World encourage (politicians or officials) this type of scam activity, because thereby they receive foreign exchange to their countries.

iv. Defraud Actions/Scams

     This type of social scams are involved in fraud actions with deception and trickery intended to defraud, to take or withhold something by cheating wrongfully from persons or from community.  THIS SCAM ACTIONS are involved in transferring or acquisition of properties of absentee property owners or dead persons with false and fake documents.

All these scams are crimes, and are serious offence against morality and commission of act through an inviolating of the law.

2.2 Political Scams

     The notion of political scams is the main scope of articulation of present article. “Political scams are the scams attempted by political powers and political representative power to swindle money or property, or fraud or defraud actions by political powers or political representative powerbacked up by media strength, to create false and fraudulent allegations to agitate against to politicians, higher executive, or against to government policies to confuse and interrupt the Governance”.   The Political Scams are twofold:

i.Defraud Political Scams

     This is also a political action of defraud attended to take or withhold something by wrongfully or by cheating.  This type of political scams are well known both in Developed Countries and Third world Countries.

ii. Interruptive and Violent Political Scams

      This type of scams are widely seen in the Third world countries, but the scope of this scam attempts are not properly conceptualized.  The Interruptive and Violent Political scams are “the scams with political representative power to make coups with full of fraud actions with deception or trickery intended to articulate defrauds, to take or withhold something, specially, false and violent arguments, ideas, allegations, agitations, and crime attempts, formed and articulated by cheating or wrongfully to debase the personal characters and to create interruptions to the democratic governments”.  Since theyproceed with false transcripts, correspondence, and falsely formulated evidence, it is a crime, serious offence against morality and commission of act undergone with an inviolating of law.

     We have seen since 1994 and onwards, much political scams were articulated with serious accusations against to politicians, specially before the Presidential elections and General elections.  The Political Scammers, at that time prepared false transcript, website messages, false videos, to pollute characters of some politicians, andpointing at them voiced that they are betrayers of the country; they have links with Tamil Tigers. Sometimes scammers study the “Horoscope” of candidates and analyze it and forecast that according to that horoscope that candidate has much unfortunes, and he will be defeated.  The ‘Horoscope’ is a very personal thing, and intrude into that and express scams is a crime, because these scammers violate the human rights.  I have doubt about the Central Bank debenture crisis, I suspect it is manmade scam against to then Governor of Central Bank, as he is being a Tamil person, and well known economist in international cooperation.  The Governor of Central Bank in Sri Lanka has power to attend at decisions at discretion, being a Governor.

All these scams are fraud-deception and trickery acts for defraud, handling of falsely articulated matters by cheating and wrongfully, attending to a crime-serious offence against morality, and commission of act inviolating of the law, against to human rights.

3. A BROAD ANALYSIS OF SCAMS

Nature of Scam Frauds

   The persons involved in scam criminals are a category of berserkers involved in social evils and political evils, swindling money and property, making community unrest, ritual breaks, and debase persons’ dignity and image.  The political berserkers are more violent in political matters interconnected with their scam efforts.

Designing of scams with fraudulent correspondence, legendary gossips, web of allegations are done carefully to give ample results to debase personal characters of eminent politicians or political parties, and the most peculiar character is these cases are amplified through media, through news lines, voice cuts of opposite politicians, through correspondents of civil societies or any other public organizations.  The voice of angry political leaders and activists are widening and grow to a state of well-established to beat focused political leaders, the accused news become widely popular among the public.  In the most cases, these things are being operating against to the dominant politicians of the executive sector of the Government.

    

         The “Thespians” of the political actors are screened over the media to demonstrate the rivals of theorems of “capitalist” and “Socialist”.  The “Socialists” who declare themselves as activist against to the “Capitalist organization of the Economy”, and they themselves appear as “Leftist”, and many parties join in a “Coalition”, they say that is “leftist coalition” but inside content making struggle each other for leadership, actually they are not “Leftists”, they misuse the word Leftist to misguide public to make much unrest in the political spectrum.   They make struggles and stay with pine hopes to see public dislike to historical political parties and party leaders.  Theyare expecting public aggression against to that parties.  Their pinpoint arguments are out of date and against wide international cooperation in the new millennium.   They may be “pinch-hitters” of the world wide organized “Socialist Political Organizations”.   They pine for, and pine only the public unrest and chaos to the existing political arena.  Their mission, as seen in the all third world countries, is to pinch and pillory to the conventional democratic rule.

4. SRUGGLE BETWEEN “CAPITALISTS” AND “ SOCIALISTS”  OR “  LEFTISTS”

            “LEFTISTS/SOCIALISTS AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT”

In Sri Lankan political context, there is no much difference in practically adoption of policies between these wings, but so called capitalist wings believe international cooperation with developed economies is necessary to make economic development, although they are adopt policies to maintain public welfare and to assure the public access to basic needs, i.e, education, health, housing, transport, communication, food security, water supply, poor relief programmes, and allocate huge funds for these sectors.  The socialist also accept this policy, but only thing they say is That “the funds allocated are not enough”.   But, leftists or socialistsonly open their mouth shamefully to voice;  “we don’t like to maintain political or economic relations with ‘western regimes”, they are “capitalist”; specially “Americans and British” are imperialists”, they attempting to catch us under ‘neo-imperialism”.  These nonsense of ‘Socialist Parties’ in Sri Lanka and their anti-government movements have controlled the rapid economic, social and political transformation in Sri Lanka since independence in 1948 to up to date.  

   S.W.R.D. Bandaranayale’s government, came in to power in 1956 implemented ‘Import Substitution Programme”, to develop industries to produce goods which we imported in heavy bulks.  The leftist parties organized strikes through their trade unions to sabotage the progress of industrialization, thus Bandaranayake could implement only one third of his development plan.  President J.R. Jayawardane, formulated a mixed economic path (in between open economy and closed economy), and his economic plan anticipated to develop industrial sector to change the labour force employment as 70% of the labour force to employ in industries and services.  A heavy protesting campaigns were launched together with leftists, revolutionaries, separatists; and Sri Lanka Freedom Party gave full back up to leftists and tiger separatists to destroy the economic development path.SLFP maintained very strong, and closed relationship with indirect or “Direct” Indian political movements with pinch hope to change the J.R. /UNP Government.

     The leftist began to launch their protests with their foreign advocates, and helps of organized capitalists those who handled the import business in Sri Lanka.  The leftists/socialist focused their strategies to enforce worldwide propaganda to show that, “Sri Lanka is not a Good Place for Foreigners to invest for Profit”: there has been big competition between, eastern and south-east Asian countries for industrialization and foreign cooperation in investment, and our leftists/socialists might have received funds from millionaires in Singapore, Korea, Hongkong, India, Malaysia, and so on, to make environments in Sri Lanka to discourage the potential foreign investors, so that foreign investors could have been attracted by other countries.

5.THEORETIC  PRESENTATION FOR ANALYSIS

      Theorizing the notion of political scamism with cavils, allegations and sabotage movements against to the democratic realm needs more information on functional strategies of such political scammers, specially, revolutionary leftist organizations.  The leftist organizations and aligned media work for money can be more vigilant of issues in questions to make fraud scam allegations or to rise communal unrest.  They are very keen to formulate social actions to neuter the power of democracy, reputation or power of any political wing, or dominating politicians.   Their main aim is to dismantle the economic progress, and to increase poverty, and there bysocial unrest, and such disasters have been widely focused by scamism.  The vicious political craftsmanship and skills  are widely developed by revolutionary leftist wings and other general politicians and activists, some of them could be from the well trained in the revolutionary movements in the past.

  Anti-government leftists are not crackpots, as general public conceptualize them.  Anti-government minority population those who voted to leftist strongly believe that they are not crackpots, they are with concrete and progressive , and constructive and they should control the economic progress with sabotage actions and trade union destructive protests.  They attempt in an every manner to hypothecate the issues and contents of their scamism.  They play every thespians to convince the public, civil organizations and to media hands to stretch over  enough publicity to their accusative events over, news papers, jounals, televisions, social websites and in the systems of person to person communication.

Hypotheses are built to test, uncover, and discover information and data on a social notion which needs to be presented in a theoretical manner.  The scam scandals formulated by political scammers are not existing in real world.  We need to develop possible means to grasp the hypothetically made reports of corruptions, and mentally and suspiciously formulated fraud evidence.  We have found some cases are not true.  It is universally true that such allegations based on political corruptions are not existing, but that anti-political gangs use media cover, and that media cover may be more powerful to show you  that allegations and there evidences are existing in the real world.  To build hypothetic framework, we need enough data to go forward with it.  It is the fact that, we need more detailed reports of such false/fake accusations against to executive of the Government or to eminent politicians to conceptualize our main “scope of scamism”, specially, “the political scamism”.  I have confidence that, there are enough data and information of such incidents for one to deal with, and to study the interlined theoretical issues and legacies to develop AND COMPRESS THE KNOWLEDGE TO new theory of “POLITICAL SCAMISM”.

6.JANATHA PARAMADHIPATHYA (SOUVERINITY OF PEOPLE)

   We all in Sri Lanka have responsibility to secure “Democracy”.  Sovereignity of people rest in people, and majority of people establish the mechanism of governance, and the role of the people of petty minority should be framed under the law and regulations, and any action taken by organized minority breaking laws and regulations is considered as “terrorism”, which leads to “revolution”.  Our all actions should be under the lines of existential ‘democracy”.   The “political scamism” is completely against to the “existentialism”, democracy, human ethics and rules.  The political scamism could stretch over and hides with some parliamentarians, with their parliamentary privileges which gives uncontrolled aggressive and uncommon expressions, and publicly, more arrogantly with news cuts to media.  To reinforce the peoples’ sovereignity, and secure the fundamental human rights, some privileges of parliamentarians have to be reformulated. 

    The privileges of the parliamentarians cannot be exist against to the law and order, and against to the regulations of the country.  Public in Sri Lanka have observed actions of some particular  parliamentarians and other local leaders are fearsome in nature, and nearly offensive, and these incidences are giving bad impression against to the peace and order of the State, and also give negative impression on government to the public.  Law should be executed against to law breakers.  The leftist gangs express themselves as “wizards” of economic and social transformation, and wait until come in to power to play the drama.  Wonky civil organizations and some sectors of public, may be based on caste, or “southern regionalism”, adhered with “Nationalism” to make much chaos to debase to a state of “Disintegrated Nation”.

The mechanism of “political Scams” is involved with the use of human-tools in “web-formation” in order to use means of traduce to debilitate with “traduce formation” upon government executive machinery or treasury transactions, syncretizing the false legendary and gossip information on any executive activity. In this process, they attempt to create a legal path to intrude in to the important and decisive key authorities of the government, and to confuse the system, and again and again to collect irrelevant information, and to distort them, and to generate gossip news, which could be more popular issues to media hands.

      I refresh on the current issues and incidents that are signs of the time to hypotheticate the new “Paradigms” of the ‘scanism”.  It signifies the importance of knowledge to follow-up and to catch-up the origins of the non-reliable some allegations, as that the facts of such allegations are not existing.  Many political scammers are parasites of foreign political movements.  The individuals or organizations involved in political scams could be from some leftist wings or leftist aligned civil organizations.  The scammers’ arguments are with full of paradoxical issues.  We have considerable legal base to conceptualize, interpret, and identify scam frauds, and to take legal actions.

    The passive resistance of leftists to new development concepts and visions, and plans of international co-operations of many developing countries are on the rise, but some developing countries could have successfully tackled such resistance.  The governments’ spiritual courage should not be weakened with these types of pity protests and routine passive resistance.

      The political scammers are political sceptics and they follow the act of “sceptism”. They attempt to  invade the government authorities, Boards, Corporations, and so on, and collect facts and hints of decisions, and transactions to formulate “scams” on skeptical issues, pretending they have true facts and evidence to prove the “Scam”, only thing they need is to give higher voice over media to these formulated false incidences, which are not existing.  Are political scammers attending to criminal offence? In the world wide scams many scammers are introduce themselves as, lawyers, bank managers, UNO officials, NGO representatives, donor agency officials, and the like, and their act are completely ‘criminal”.  We need the law experts involvement to justify the activities of “Political Scams”.  In many developing countries, political scammers are leftists, revolts and ‘Terrorists”.

“UNDAUNTED AND GENUINE REPRESENTATION AND PARTICIPATION OF MINISTERS IN THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESENT “COALITION GOVERNMENT” IN SRI LANKA IS NECESSARY FOR RAPID ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND PROGRESS TO TACKLE THE ECONOMIC BACKWARD SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY”. “ People in Sri Lanka know that some SLFP ministers receive benefits and privileges being ministers, but don’t think about the future country, they are worse than the leftists with passive resistance to change”. (D.Tennakoon).

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                                             DR. DHARMADASA TENNAKOON
                                                     [B.A; PG DIPLOMA; M.A; Ph.D]
                                                                               SOCIAL SCIENTIST
                                [EX. SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW AT HARTI, COLOMBO, SRI LANKA]    


ADDRESS: 27/6 MENIK WATTA, KALALGODA, PANNIPITIYA, SRI LANKA
                                                                                                                    
                                                  EMAIL: dingiri50@gmail.com           Teleohone: +94 72 865 8467
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I HAVE COVERED MY HIGHER EDUCATION IN SEVERAL FIELDS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

*B.A. in Geography, [second class honours], University of Ceylon, 1972;
*Post Graduate Diploma in "Land Settlement and Development", University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1977;
*Field Certificate on "Jordan River Valley Development Project", University of Jordan,  Jordan, 1986;
* M.A. in Rural Social Development, University of Reading, U.K ,1987;
*Certificate of "Social Science Research Methodology", University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka, 1980;
*Ph.D. in Development Studies,  Deakin University, Australia, 1996;

I have published a book on " Dimensions of Rural Poverty In Sri Lanka", HARTI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2000.

At present, I am reading on several fields i.e., Freedom/Liberty, Profiles of Poverty among working class people, Folklore in Sri Lanka, Peace and Order, and Interlinks of Economic Development and Social Change in Developing Countries.

I expect comments of readers of my articles, your kind cooperation may improve the quality of my writing.

Thanks

Dr. Dharmadasa tennakoon

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