ksoyi
^On
Liberty)
idrdxYh
zzksoyiZZ- mqoa., ksoyi yd iudc ksoyi ms<sn| ffk;sl miqìul isg n,k úg hïlsis ia:djr w¾:l;khla ,eì ;snqKo foaYmd,k od¾Yksl úu¾IK ;=< we;s ;¾lkhkays yd úkh uQ, ks¾jpkhkays úúO;ajh ksid fmdÿ ks¾jpkhlg meñKsu ÿIalrh¡ iagqjÜ ñ,a 1859 § zzksoyiZZ hkak isoaOdka; folla Tiafia úu¾Ykh lrhs ( ^1& mqoa.,fhl= isÿlrkq ,nk l%shdjla Tyqf.a yer fjk;a whf.a hym;g fya;= fkdjk ksid tu l%shdj iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j. fkd lsj hq;= nj ; tfy;a iudchg Tyqg wjjdo $ Wmfoia §ug fyda Tyq u`. yer isàug yelsh " ^2& wkHhkaf.a w.;shg $ ysßyerhg fya;=jk l%shdj;a iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r" Tyq iudchSh fyda ffk;sl o`vqjulg hg;aùu idOdrKh¡ tla tla mqoa.,hdf.ka iudch iEÈ we;s w;r tjeks iudchl l%shdjla ;j;a iudchlg fyda ck fldÜGdihlg w.;s.dó jk úg w.;shg m;a iudchg l%shdj lrk iudch u; n,mEï we;s l< yelsh¡ jD;a;sh iñ;shl oeä úfrdaO;djla fmdÿ ck;djf.a zzksoyiZZW,a,x>kh lrk úg rcfha ueÈy;aùu wjYH jqjo" tjeks rcfha ueÈy;a ùulska muKlau fujeks iudc w.;s.dó ld¾hhka je<elaúh yels o@ jvd;au fhda.H jkafka jvd m%n, l%shdldßlhka yd iudcfha fmdÿ ksoyi wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd ck;dj ixúOdkh lsÍu" ck;djf.a wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug yd iu.dój tjeks jerÈ iïnkaOfhka rdcHh md,k wêldßh iu`. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= l<yels ck;dlñgq ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd iudcYs,s yd m%cd;ka;%jd§ l%shdud¾. i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsßu jeks l%shdud¾. flfrys wjodkh fhduq lsÍuhs¡
 |
| Enjoying at a Party |
1¡ m%drïh
zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhys w¾:h oelaúu
ms<sn|j ieliq ksis újrK we;o" mqoa.,hd iy iudch w;r mj;akd wfkHkHh
iïnkaO;djhg wkqremj mqoa.,hd i;= ksoyfiys iSud ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd ksis w¾:l;khla
ke;¡ ta ta ixialD;Skag wkql+,j iudc ixia:d iy wdh;k úiska mqoa.,hka i;= ksoyi
fm!oa.,sljo fmdÿfõo N=la;s ú§u msKsi Tjqka úiskau ilid .kakd ,o fmdÿ wdpdr O¾u
iy kS;s moaO;shla ñksid úiska wkdÈu;a ld,hl isgu ilid fmdÿfõ ms<s.ekqk
wkql+,;djhka u; mqoa.,sl ksoyi yd ta yd ne÷kq iudc j.lSu ms<sn| iaÓr
úYajdihla f.dvk`.d .;af;ah¡ zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhjys w¾: w;r mßKdñl iajNdjhla .kS¡
wkdÈu;a ld,hla ;siafia ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o úoHd yd Ydia;%Sh oekSï yd
wd.ñl uQ,O¾uhkaf.a úldYkh yd úYajdih u; zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhys w¾: ksrEmkh o
mßKduhg ,laj we;¡ ñksid fN!;sl jYfhka muKla fkdj udkisl jYfhka o mßKduh fõ¡ fuu
mßKdñl l%shdj,shg wkqj zzudkisl mßKdñl l%shdj,shZZ fya;=fjka iudc.; ixia:d
wdpdr O¾u yd úYajdi o mßKduhg ,laj we;¡
2 mßKduh
kùk wd¾Ól -ixialD;sl úm¾hdIsh l%shdoduh
lrd ñksid .uka .;af;a 18 jeks ishji isg l%ñlj .uka.;a úoHd-YDia;%sh {dKhhs¡ fï
wkqj ñksid zzld¾ñlZZ hq.hlg msúisKs¡ ld¾ñl úma,jh;a iu`. iïm%odhsl udjf;ka Tíng
.uka.;a ñksid ish úoHd;aul {dKh j¾Okh lr .;a;d muKla fkdj ish Ydia;%Sh {dKho
j¾Okh lr .;af;ah¡ merKS iudc ixia:d u; kúk Ñka;khg wkqj yev.eiqK ksoyia
wdpdrO¾u yd iudc kS;s wdfrdamKh úh¡ ixialD;sl " wd¾Ól jYfhka muKla
fkdj foaYmd,ksl jYfhka o we;súh hq;=
fjkiaùï iïnkaOfhka úúO u; uq, O¾u " l%fudamdhka ksrka;r wjOdrKhg ,lajdjd
muKla fkdj ta ms<sn|j isÿúh hq;= m%;sixialrK
ks;r w;ayod ne,Sï j,g ,lajkakg úh¡ wm úiska w.h lrkq ,nk zzksoyia
m%cd;%ka;%jd§ZZ iudchSh wjia:dj fj; udkj
ixialD;sh $ YsIagdpdrh mßKduh jqfha fï wdldrhgh¡
3
mqoa., ksoyi yd iudchSh j.lSu
mqoa., ksoyi
ms<n|j we;s w¾:l;khka fukau ta ms<sn|j mqoa.,hd ;=< we;s úYajdih yd
ne§u fukau Tyqf.a iodpdrd;aul .;s mej;=ï flfrys we;sjk iudc mdßißl fyda iajdNdj
Od¾ñl .;s mej;=ï flfrys we;sjk iudc mdßißl fyda iajNdjOd¾ñl mßir moaO;Ska
;=<ska flfrk n,meï wkqj yev.eiqkq zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| mqoa., wdl,amh
zziudchsh mdßißlZZ moaO;sfhka moaO;shg fjkia úh yelsh¡ fyd| ^Acceptable& yd krl ^Not Acceptable & ms<sn|
mqoa.,hd i;= ú{dKh j¾Okh jkqfha by; i|yka l< ms<sfj,g nj úúO
ixialD;skaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdr yd w;aoelSï
ms<sn| m%;spdrhka u`.ska wkdjrKhfõ¡ fM;sydisl miqìu u; úuik úg 19 jeks
ishjfia isg f,dalfha isÿjq úoHd;aul yd YDia;%sh nqoaê m%fndaOh u; merKs iudc ixia:d tkï jevjiï iudc wd¾Ól uq,O¾u " jy,a fiajh "
taldêm;s rdcH md,k ixia:d " iudc ksoyi " wd¾Ól ksoyi "
foaYmd,ksl ksoyi " iudcjd§ wd¾Ól iudc mßjrKh ^
Transformation& " lïlre n,h yd
whs;sjdislï " foam, mßyrKh " wdodhï yd mßfNdackh iïnkaOfhka ne÷Kq
iuwhs;sh yd iudkd;au;djh jeks ;;ald,sSk jeo.;alula we;s lreKq flfrys kj weilska
ne,Sug ñksid wj;S¾K jqjd muKla fkdj ta ms<sn|j úu¾Ykh lsÍu " úfõpkh
lsÍu yd uq,O¾u yd kHdhd;aul úYaf,aIK nyq,jkakg úh¡
 |
| Students' Protesting Campaign |
by;ska oelajqk mßKdñl nqoaê m%fndaOh;a
iu`.u jevlrk mx;sfha ^Labour Class&
whs;sjdislï iïnkaO ck;d fm<.eiaùï we;sjkakg úh¡ fulS úm¾hdi fndfyda fia we;s
jkakg jQfha wefußldkq uyoaùmfha iy hqfrdamd uyoùmfhah¡ ^ wdish uyoaùmfha
reishdkq N=ñ m%foaYho w;=¨j& hqfrdamfha we;sjq uOHu mdka;slhkaf.a
whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu iïnkaO ,snr,a
jd§ foaYmd,k Ñka;kh;a " lïlre whs;sjdislï iq/lSfï jHdmdrh;a" w;r
.egqï we;sjkakg úh¡ fï w;r hqfrdamfha we;sjq m<uqjk f,dal hqoaOh ^
1914-1918& ksid hqfrdamd ck;dj wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka uy;a mSvkhg ,laúh¡
tfiau 1917 isÿjq reishdkq úma,jho hqfrdamd foaYmd,k wd¾Ól Ñka;kh fjkia ùu
flfrys oeã mSvkhla we;s lf<ah¡ jegqk hqfrdamh h<sf.dv ke.Su ms<sn| kj
m%;sixialrK wjOdkhg ,laúh¡ mqoa.,hd i;=
ksoyi ^
Freedom / Liberty & ms<sn|j úYd, jYfhka újdohg ,lajq woyia m%ldY
jqfha ì%;dkH cd;sl fcdaka iagqj¾Ü ñ,a úiska 1859 È rÑ; zzksoyiZZ ^
On Liberty& kï jq .%ka:h u`.sks¡ Tyq tu .%ka:h u`.ska rgjeisfhl=$ mqoa.,fhl= i;= ksoyi
^iajdëk;ajh& ms<sn| u;h " úúO jq ;d¾lsl me;slv Tiafia ú.%y lrkq ,nhs¡ zzksoyiZZ iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd
úiska orKq ,nk wdl,am yd mqoa.,sl yeisÍu u; iudch úiska iduqysl f,i m;=rjk wêldßfhys iSudjka ks¾Kh lsÍu iy tajd ksrka;rj úu¾Ykh
lsÍfï wjYH;djhla we;s nj Tyqf.a ;¾l ;=< ie`.ù we;s woyihs¡ fm!oa.,sl yd iduqysl l%shdldÍ;ajfhys iSudjka wOHhkh lsÍu
yd kshu lsÍu ms<sn| Tyq úiska lrK fhdackd ;=< .e,mSula fkdue;slu .eg¨jla
jYfhka fmkSug ;sfí¡ fnfyda foaYmd,k úpdrlhka ñ,a ;=< ;snq fuu ÿ¾j,;djh
úfõpkh fldg ;sfí¡foaYmd,k úoHdj ms<sn| wdpd¾Hjrfhl= jk lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia úiska
fcdaka iagqjrâ ñ,af.a ;¾l j, mriamr úfrdaë;dj y÷kd f.k we;¡ iagqj¾Ü ñ,a lsishï
ud¾.hl t,a,hla lrd .uka lrkq fjkqjg wruqKla fyda mrud¾:hlska f;drj úreoaO wruqKq
yd m%mxp Tiafia .uka lr we;s nj úfõlfhka mji;s¡ ñ,a b;sydih " o¾Ykjdoh " Ys%l yd ,;ska NdId iy kS;sh wOHhkh lf<ah¡ Tyq ks;ru Wmfhda.s;d
jd§ m%;sixialrK j¾Okh lsÍu flfrys fhduq jq w;r l%ufhka Tyq fnka;ï jdÈfhla úh¡ miqj Tyq fjkia úh¡ Tyq WkauQ,jd§ ^radical&
m%;sixialrK we;s lsÍfï jHdmdr j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd wkqn, ÿkafkah¡ úpdrlhka mjik
mßÈ iagqj¾Ü ñ,a iudch ;=< wfkla whf.a
woyia j,g yd úfõpkj,g widudkHh f,i ,lajq njo " Tyqf.a o¾Ykjd§ fjkia ùï yd
j¾Okhka fiau pß;h yd is;=ú,s úúOdlr n,mEï yd w;aoelSï u; fjkiafjñka j¾Okh ù
we;s nj i;Hhls¡ Tyq úu¾YkYs,s nqoaêuf;l= jQfha Tyq /äl,ajd§ m%;sixialrK
n,.ekaùfï jHdmdrhkays lemS fmkqk kshdulfhl= jq ksidh¡ mqoa., ksoyi ms<sn|j iudch
úiska lrkq ,nk iSudjka flfrys Tyq úfYaIfhka i|yka lrkafka ta ksid úh hq;=h¡
 |
| Protesting Walk |
zzksoyi ^ Liberty &
ms<sn|j úYaju; yd ms<s.ekSïj,g wkqj iajlSh ksoyi zzyiqrejd .ekSu ms<sn|ZZ mqoa.,hdf.a
iodpdrd;aul ufkdaNdjhka iajúYaf,aIKh iïmq¾Kj ;sìh hq;= w;r úfrdaOh mEug m%udKj;a
whqßka j¾Okh ù ;sìh hq;=fõ¡ ñ,a úiska Tyq
udkisl b;sydifhys w¾nqohg uqyqK§fï§ Tyq fuh ms<sf.k we;¡ mshdf.ka ,enqKq
wNdIfhka Tyq foaYmd,k od¾Ykslfhla jqjo Tyq zzfn;alïZZ jdÈfhl= ùfï § yd fjk;a úreoaO u; w;r t,an .ekSfï § Tyq
iodpdrd;aul ufkdaNdjhka úYaf,aIKhg yd tajdg úfrdaOh mEug ;rï iajhx j¾Okhla ,nd
fkd;snq nj Tyq m%ldY lrhs¡ lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia i|yka lrk mßÈ iagqjÜñ,a zzTyqf.a
§¾> pdrldj wdrïN l< wjia:dfjys uekúka
iïmdokh l< kejla iy iqlaldkula iys;j tfy;a rej,la fkdue;sj w;rux ù
isáfhah¡ZZ
iagqjrÜ ñ,a iudch" iudc wdpdr O¾u yd mqoa., ksoyi
ms<sn| .egqï flfrys kj wld,am ms<sn|j ;¾l lrkakg jqfha Tyqf.au fm!oa.,sl
w;aoelSï ;=<sks¡ WkauQ,jd§ ^/äl,ajd§& wdl,am j,g wkqn, oelajq ;reK
jHdmdßlfhl=f.a ;reK ìß| ^yeßhÜ fÜ,¾& iu`. fudyq ;reK ld,fha§u iïnkaO;d
meje;ajq w;r" ,kavka kd.ßl iudch fuh úfõpkh lrkakg úh¡ Wiia mx;sh úiska
uOHu yd lïlre mx;s flf¾ uqÿ fudf,dla f,i yd idOdrK f,i" kj wdl,amhlska
fkdne,Su ms<sn|j fudjqka fofokdu ks;r ,sms f,aLK m< lrkakg mgka .;af;ah¡
iagqjÜ ñ,af.a foaYmd,k iudc o¾YKh fjkiajkakg jqfha fï wdldrfhks¡
zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| ixl,amfha § zzudkj
iudcfha ld,fhka ld,hg biau;= jk m%dfhda.sl jq wjdodkï ;;a;ajhkag m%;sm;a;s wod, lr .ekSfï m%jK;djh flfrys foaYmd,ksl
o¾Ykslhka fhduq úh hq;= nj 19 jeks Y;j¾Ifha § " by< iy uOHu mx;sfhka ìysjq W.;=ka w;r ixjdohg
,laúh¡ reishdkq úma,jh;a iu`. hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma; jq zziudcjd§ ksIamdokh yd
fnodyeÍfïZZ kHdhkaf.a wdNdIh foaYmd,k od¾Yksl úpdrlhka mqnqÿ lrkakg úh¡ Okh
ksIamdokh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s j,o" Okh$ ksIamdokh fnodyeÍu yd fnodyeÍu md,kh
lrk m%;sm;a;sj,o we;s úYd, fjkialï iudc iykh yd zziudÔh ksoyiZ ms<sn| .eg¨
j,g uq,ajk nj hqfrdamh ;=<o oeäf,i úfõpkh jkakg úh¡ foaYmd,k wd¾Ól úoHdlreKq
ms<sn|j úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< iagqj¾Ü ñ,a 1861 § m%ldYhg m;a l<
.%ka:fhka ksfhdað; wdKavql%u yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh w.h l<o" miqj tu md,k
l%uj, úYaIaG m%;sm;a;s m%;slafIam lrkakg úh¡ ñ,a úiska 1869 § ldka;djkaf.a
mrdêk;ajh ms<sn|jo újrKh lf<ah¡ ^ The Subjection of
Women, 1869& ;jo Tyq wd.u ms<sn|
rpkd ^wd.ñl iajNdjh " wd.ñl
Wmfhda.sS;djh iy ks¾udKjdoh& iy iudcjdoh ms<sn| ish iajdêk úu¾IK wdY%s;jo
o Tyqf.a foaYmd,ksl o¾Ykjdofha wjidk
keUqrej ms<sìUq lrkafkah¡ fï ld,fha§u iagqj¾Ü ñ,a zzmd¾,sfïka;=
m%;sixialrKhZZ ms<sn|j ^ Thoughts on paliamentraty Reforms
,1859
& .%ka:h m%ldYkh m%isoaO lf<ah¡ ì%;dkHfha mqyqKq lïlrejkag Pkao whs;sh
ysñlsÍu i|yd jq fhdackdjkag fudyq úreoaO úh¡ iq¿;rhlg jdisjk ryia Pkaohg yd
Wiia wOHdmkh ,o W.;=kag nyq Pkao whs;sh ms<sn| fhdackdj o fudyq úfõpkh
lf<ah¡ zzksoyi ^ Liberty & ZZ ms<sn| iagqjÜñ,a olajk yrh wjq,a
iy.;h¡ úYd, od¾Yksl mrdihka ;=< úúO ;¾l yd úúO kHdhka iuqyhlau úu¾Ykhg ,la
l< o" wjidk jYfhka zzksoyiZZ hkak 19 jeks Y;j¾Ifha§ hqfrdamh mqrd
me;sÍ.sh" wd¾Ól iudc w¾nqo yd .e,fmk mßÈ Wmfhda.s;d ;¾l iuQyhla u; mgjd
ks.ukh lsÍfï whs;sh iudc yd foaYmd,k mßjrKh fj;u ;nk ,§¡
4¡ wdpdr O¾u yd ne¢ úIu;djh
uydpd¾h lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia lshk mßÈ iagqj¾Ü ñ,a zzmqoa.,fhl= u; iudch
úiska iduqysl f,i m;=rejk wêldßfhys iSudj l=ula úh hq;= o@ZZ hkak ks;r yqjd
olajd we;¡ mqoa., ksoyi yd ne÷Kq fm!oa.,sl
ld¾hhkays§ iudÔhSh iduqysl u; jdohka
úiska we;s flfrk n,mEu yd p¾hd iïnkaO ueÈy;aùï j, iSudjka iudch úiskao rch yd
rcfha md,k n, wêldÍka úiska o ksYaph lr.; hq;= nj Tyq fmkajd fohs¡ iudc
Wmfhda.s;djhg wkql+,j wdpdrO¾u iy iudc iïnkaO;d w;r .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu wjYH
idOlhls¡ iudch yd ta ;=< wkHhkag ydkslr jk úg ta i|yd wdrCIK m%;sm;a;s
ieliSu muKla idOdrK njo Tyq ms<s.kshs¡
zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iudchSh jYfhka fyda wkHhka úiska iïm%odhsl rduqjla
;=< isg flf<iSu iagqj¾ ñ,a fy,d olshs¡ iïuq;s .; fkdjq u;hka wdêldrhka
u`.ska zzÑka;kfhys yd u;jdofhys ksoyiZZ lsis úgl;a uev meje;aúh hq;= fkdjk nj
iagqjrÜ ñ,af.a uq,slu ;¾lhhs¡
 |
| Freedom at Home: Enjoing in Family Gathering |
ñ,af.a o¾Ykfhys úfYaI;ajhla kï"
zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ ms<sn|j flfrk ú.%yhhs¡ zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ tkï mqoa., ksoyi
yd neÿk ish¨ mrdñ;slhka" udkj iuDoaêfhys uQf,da;amdok idOlhla fia ú.%y
flf¾¡ mqoa.,fhl= úiska flfrk l%shdjla yd u;jdohla w;r fjkila ;sfí¡ l%shdfjys
ksoyila we;¡ tfy;a mqoa.,sl l%shdjla wkHhkag o n,meje;aúh yelsh¡ u;jdohka
ms<sn|jo tfiauh¡ tfia jqjo iajlSh
l%shdjka ms<sn| iuú{dKhg wkqj ;SrK .ekSug mqoa.,hka fm<Uúh hq;=h¡ ish¨ mqoa.,hka ish fm!reI;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSu
i|yd iodpdr yd tys uQ,O¾u wod, lr .ekSu
iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hka W.; hq;=h¡ zzfm!reI;aj ixj¾OkhZZ yd zzksoyiZZ hk f;audj Tyq úksúo olS¡ fm!oa.,sl l%shdjkays ksoyi ms<sn| wkqn,§fï iudc j.lSu fukau md,k wêldrfha j.lSu
Tyq wjodrKh lrhs¡ Tyq fm!oa.,sl ksoyfiys tkï fm!oa.,sl;ajfhys iudc jákdlu w.h
lrk w;r" mqoa., ksoyi u; megfjk wêldßn,h iSudúh hq;= njg ;¾l lrhs¡ hïlsis
m%udKhl ueÈy;aula wjYH nj lshk w;r m%udKh yd iSudj blaujd ueÈy;aùu wka;rdodhlh
hkak oeäfia úYajdi lrhs¡
mqoa., ksoyi yd iudÔh ne§u" tfia
ke;akï" iudÔh iduqysl u; "
úYajdi yd ks¾Kdhlhka Wmfhda.S;djd§ oDIaáfldaKhlska ú.%y lsÍu yd Tyqf.a ;¾l
úma,úh iajrEmhla .ekSuo úfYaI ,laIKhls¡ Tyq ;¾l lrkafka tlu yrhl isg nj fmfka¡
iudch ;=< ksrka;rj we;sjk Ñka;khka yd u;jdo yd o¾Ykhka ;=<g m%;sm;a;s
wdfoaYúh hq;=h¡ wdKavqjla nyq;r ck;djl md,khlg hg;aj isák nj;a" iudc u;jdo
yd o¾Yk uev meje;aùug wdKavqjlg fkdyels njg ;¾l lrhs¡ Tyq zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ yd
ne÷Kq úYd, m%udKhl iudÔhSh jdis we;s nj;a" iudchSh iduQysl ueÈy;a ùï
;=<ska biau;=jk mqoa.,hd fj; mejfrk iudchSh wjdiska ms<sn|j ú.%y lrhs¡
Ñka;k fyda u;jdo ksrCIKh lsÍfï § fyda we.hSfï§ ms<s.; hq;= kHhka 3 la ñ,a
biau;= lrhs # tkï"
^1& iudc iïuq;s.; fkdjq Ñka;k $ u;jdo i;H ùug
bvwe;s nj" iy tu Ñka;k $u;jdo hgm;a
lsÍfuka i;Hh fkdfmkS hkakg ms<sjk"
^2& ifya;=l wjfndaOh yd úplaIK u`.ska ia:dms;
fkdjq úYajdi yd p¾hd O¾u " udkj j¾Okhg u. fmkaùug ;rï fkdjk nj" iy u;hla fyda Ñka;khla wi;Hh jk úg tys fodaIhka
neyer lsÍfuka i;H biau;= fõ" iy
^3& ´kEu
u;hl fyda Ñka;khl i;Hh hï m%udhla
o" wi;Hh hï m%udKhlao wvx.= jk ksid iudc iïuq;s .; fkdjq u;hla jqjo iudch
m%.;shg fya;= fõ¡ u;hla $ Ñka;khla iïmq¾Kfhkau i;H jkafkao ke; "
iïmq¾Kfhkau wi;H jkafka o ke;¡ tfia
jqjo" fm!oa.,sl;ajh yd ksoyi j¾Okh lsÍu;a idfmalaI jYfhka wjYH;djhkag
wkql+,j iduqysl ueÈy;aùfï w.hka Tyq uekúka olS¡ mqoa.,fhl= úiska bgq l< hq;= hq;=lï fuka mqoa.,fhl= i;= whs;sjdislï o
we;snj Tyq olshs¡ Tyq úiska ;ukag fukau iudcfha wkHhkago bgql< hq;= hq;=lï
;sfí¡ ;udf.a ksoyi yd l%shdjkaf.ka wkHhkag ydks fkdjk mßÈ j. n,d .ekSu n,j;au
hq;=luhs¡ ;SrKd;aul wjia:djl zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iïnkaO úIh lafI;%hka Tíng hEug
iudchg yelsh¡ mqoa., fyda mqoa., ixúOdk.; ixúOdk u`.ska flfrk l%shd fyda
yeisÍula iïnkaOfhka iudchg wêlrK n,hla ;sfí¡ th zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| úIfhka fyda
whs;sfhka neyerj zzkS;sh ms<sn| úIh lafI;%hgZZ m%úIag fõ¡ fï wkqj zzmqoa.,
ksoyiZZ yd zziudc wdrCIKhZZ yd zzkS;shZZ w;r oeä iïnkaO;djhla we;s nj wjOdrKh
l< hq;=h¡ iudchg fukau md,k
wêldrhgo" rgjeishd ;=< we;s ÿIapß; l%shdjkaf.ka yd iudc iodpdr úfrdaê
l%shdjkaf.ka ksoyiaj Ôj;aùfï we;s zzksoyiZZ yd zzwhs;shZZ wdrCId l< hq;=
ksidh¡ tfia jqjo fm!oa.,sl fm!reIj¾Okh yd mqoa., ksoyi m%j¾OkhlsÍfï hq;=lu
rchla yd md,k wêldßh ;=< ;sìh hq;=h¡
5¡ rcfha ueÈy;aùu ms<sn| .eg¿j
fm!oa.,sl ld¾hkag rdcH ueÈy;aùu flfrys
ñ,a úfrdaO;d f.dkq lr we;¡ Tyq lshk mßÈ fuh zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| .eg¨jla fkdfõ¡
rcfha ueÈy;a ùu iïnkaOfhka úfrdaO;d 3 la f.dkqlrhs¡
^1& isÿ l< hq;=j we;s ld¾hhka rchla úiska
lrkjdg jvd ld¾hCIuj isÿlsÍug mqoa.,hka yelsúh yel"
^2& isÿl< hq;= ld¾hhka jvd ld¾hCIuj lsÍug
mqoa.,hka wfmdfydi;a jqjo" Tjqkaf.a Yla;sh yd yelshdjka yd udkisl wOHdmkh
j¾Okh i|yd rel=,la jYfhka" tu ld¾hhka mqoa.,hka úiskau isÿl< hq;=h¡
^3& l< hq;=j we;s lghq;= by; ks¾foaYhkg
mgyeksj " úYd, n,hla we;sj isák wdKavqfõ n,hg" wkjYH f,i tlaúh yels
ùu¡
úspdrlhkag wkqj zz;ukaf.a mqrjeishka
i|yd muKg jvd ld¾hhka bgqlr fok rchla iudc m%.;shg ydks muqKqjñka"
fm!oa.,sl;ajfha ixj¾Okhg ndOd muqKqjk nj ñ,a úfõpkd;au;j bÈßm;a lr we;¡
 |
| Chatting With Friends |
;reK jhfia§ Okm;s jHdmdßlfhl=f.a
Nd¾hdjla jq yeßhÜ fÜ,¾ iu`. iagqj¾Ü ñ,a iïnkaO;djhla meje;ajq w;r" Okm;s
iudch w;r th úfõpkhg ,laúh¡ miqj Tyq weh újdy lr .ks¡ iqpß;jdÈ iudc jHdmdr yd
iudc ixúOdk fï iïnkaOfhka oelajq ueÈy;a ùu ñ,af.a o¾YkjdÈ wdl,amh ;=< ;Èka
me,mÈhï úh¡ zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| fudyqf.a o¾Ykh fuu úfrdaO;d isoaêka úiska
hd:dN+; m%j¾Okhla we;sl< nj meyeÈ,sh¡
mqoa., ksoyi iïnkaO iudc ueÈy;aùu iDcqj widOrKnjo " iuyr wjia:dkq.;
;;a;ajh wkqj idOdrK úh hq;= njo Tyqf.a ;¾lhhs¡ fudyqf.a úYaf,aIKhkaf.a wjidk
ks.uk flf¾ Tyqf.a w;aoelSï ;rfha n,md we;¡ Tyq ;¾l lrkafka zz^1& fjk;a
ljfrl=f.a fyda Y+N isoaêhg wod, fkdjk kuq;a" iajlSh Y+N isoaêhg wod<
lreKla iïnkaO mqoa., l%shd iïnkaOfhka tu mqoa.,hd iudchg j. fkdlsjhq;= nj"
iy ^2& iudcfha wkHhkag wjdisjk fyda
ydksjk $ w.;shg fya;=jk fyda Tjqkaf.a zzksoyiZZ ms<sn|j we;s whs;Skag ydksjk
l%shdjla lsÍu iïnkaOfhka hïlsis
mqoa.,fhl= iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r iudc wdpdr O¾u fyda fmdÿ kS;shg wkqj o`vqjï o
,eìh hq;=h¡ZZ" hkqfjks¡
 |
| Protesters Attacking to a Public Bus |
Y;j¾Ihlg fmr" ì%;dkHh yd hqfrdamd
iudchSh w¾nqoj,g wkq.;j ñ,a bÈßm;a l< ;¾l j¾;udk iudchg o tf,iskau .e,fma¡ rchka
úiska wd¾Ólh yd fj<\u yeisrùu iïnkaOfhkao" iudc wmrdO yd wh;d l%shd
je<elaùu iïnkaOfhka o rchka úiska md,k wêldßh fj; n,h mejfr;s kS;s ^
Law
& fndfyda foa Tyq w.h lrk w;r iuyr kS;s Wmydihg ,lalrhs¡ zzîu;a luZZ fyda
w,ilu wkHhkag n,mdk fyda n,fkdmdk l%shdjla úh yelsh¡ tl< ì%;dkH rcfha
me;sß.sh zzìu;aluZZ yd fínÿlu uoHdidr Ndú;hg ffO¾h §u ksid we;ajkakla nj;a
" rch th uev meje;aúh hq;= nj;a" th iudc Wjÿrla nj;a" Tyq
mejiqfõh¡ wdodhu jeälr .ekSu i|yd uoHidr
u; nÿ mekkùu Tyq wkqu; lrhs¡ tfy;a mßfNdackh wffO¾hu;a lsÍu wruqKq
fldgf.k wêl nÿ mekùu widOdrK iudc
l%shdjla nj Tyq lshhs¡ rchla úiska zzksoyiZZ yd zzfmdÿ iudc ksoyiZZ ms<sn|
m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï§ zzidOdrK;ajhZZ ms<sn| ks;sm%;sm;a;s fiau ksis wOHdmkhla
orejkag §u i|yd fouõmshkag n,lrk kS;s o " ore mjq,la fmdaIKh lsÍug ;rï
fkdjk ;;a;ajhl mqoa.,hkag újdy ùu ;ykï lsÍfï kS;so " mqoa.,sl ksoyi
W,a,x>kh fkdlrk nj ñ,a fmkajd fohs¡
zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| ñ,af.a Ñka;kfha îch
jYfhka Tyq y÷kajkafka zzfuu ,smsfhys jIh jkafka o¾YkjdÈ iudch úiska idjoH f,i
kï lr we;s" tfy;a wjikdjka; f,iu
thg m%;smlaI jk zzijÉPkaofhysZZ ksoyi fkdfõ¡
fuys jia;= úIh jkafka mqoa.,hd u;
iudch úiska kS;Hdkql=, f,i l%shd;aul l< yels n,fhys tkï" isú,a yd
iudchSh ksoyfiys iajdNdjh yd iSudjkahZZ" ^ iagqjrÜ ó,a" 1959"
úu,fiakú;dk m;srKf.a isxy, mßj¾;kh msgq 37& fudyqf.a ;¾lfhys uq,sl yrh
kï" tl, ì%;dkHfha mej;s" iudc wdpdrO¾u yd fmdÿ ms<s.ekSï yd iudc
kS;s$ pdß;% u`.ska " iudch úiska mqoa.,hd u; kS;Hdkql+,j l%shd;aul l<
yels isú,a fyda iudc ksoyi ms<sn|j n,fhys iSudjka ;sìh hq;= njhs¡ we;a;
jYfhkau iudc wd¾Ól mßKduh;a iu`. tlS
iudc ixia:d.; ksoyi ms<sn| iudc n,fhys yels,Sula isÿjk nj fmfka¡ ñ,a mjik mßÈ mqoa.,hd u; iudch úiska l%shd;aul lrk ksoyi ms<sn|
n,h b;d wE; hq.j,§ mjd ñksia j¾.hd fn§ug fya;=jq iudc m%Yakhls¡
úoHdudk foaYmd,k b;sydih ;=<
hg;ajeishka fyda hg;a jeishkaf.ka ksfhdackh jq mx;shla yd wdKavq w;r ksrka;r
wr., meje;sks¡ Y%Sl" frdau yd tx.,ka; b;sydi m%jD;a;sj,g wkqj b;du;a m%lg o¾Ykh ù we;af;a zzksoyi yd
wêldrhZZw;r jq wr.,h nj ñ,a fmkajd fohs¡ fuu ld, ;=< ksoyi hkafka woyia lf<a
foaYmd,k md,lhskaf.a fyda hg;aúð; wêldßka f.a mSvkfhka ksoyiaùuhs¡ fuhg iudk jq wêldß n,hka l%shd;aul jk
iudchkays zzfoaY fm%añkaf.a wruqK úh hq;af;a iudchu; md,lhka úiska k%shd;aul
lsÍug ú¾hhlrK n,hg iSudjla mekùuhs¡Z Tjqka úiska zzksoyiZZ hkqfjka w¾:l;kh lrkq
,nkafka fuu iSudjhs¡ZZ hkqfjka ñ,a m%ldY
lr we;¡ ksoyi Èkd .ekSu i|yd ksis
m%;sfrdaOhla $ le/,a,la we;s lsÍu hqla;s iy.; nj;a" ke;akï md,ln,fhys jvd jeo.;a l%shdjka i|yd md,s;
ck;d n,uKav,hlska md,k wêldßh úiska wkque;sh .ekSfï l%fudamdhla ;sìh hq;= nj
ñ,af.a woyihs¡ m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,kh ;=< jqjo" nyq;rhlf.a leue;a; u; n,h
mejfrk md,k wêldß n,h we;s wdKavq úiska ;ukaf.au iq¿;rhlf.a m%cd mSvkh we;s
lsÍu flfrys n,mEï we;s l< yels nj Tyqf.au u;h úh¡ fujeks m%cd mSvk flfrys
tla tla mqoa.,hd tlaùfuka iukaú; jk
iudchu m%cd mSvlhd jkúg" lDDr md,kh hkak foaYmd,k wêldßka úiskau isÿlrkq
,nk ls%hdjla fkdjkq we;¡
6¡ iodpdrh" m%N+mka;sh yd rdcH
m%;sm;a;s
ñ,a ;¾l lrkafka zzm%N= mx;shla isák
fld;ekl fyda fõjd tu rfgys iodpdrh ms<sn|j úYd, m%udKhla woyia WmÈkafka tu
mx;sfhys Y+N isoaêh yd fY%aIaG;ajh ms<sn|j ye.Sug wkqrEmjk wdldrfhks¡ZZ
fndfyda iudc fÄohkag " zzjrojd jgyd f.k we;s pdß;%jdß;% j, ;sfnk úÊcdldr
n,meje;au fya;=jkafkao ñksiaj¾.hd úiska Tjqfkdjka fj; mkjdf.k we;s mqoa., yeisÍu"
iïnkaO iudcÍ;s j,g rel=,la jYfhkao" iudchSh pdß;% jdß;% hkaf.a n,mEu iudc
l%uh ;=<u ia:dms; lr .kakd ,§¡ hkqfjka Tyq olajkafka mqoa., ksoyi yd yeisÍu
iïnkaOfhka iudch úiska olajk wêldß n,h ñ;Hjla njh¡ my; oelafjk Tyqf.a woyia
;shqKqh¡ ñksia iudch ;=< wdfõKsl ,laIKhla jkafka wkq.ukh lsÍu ms<sn|
mqreoaohs¡ ;ud úiskau yd ;u mßjdr wkq.dñ ck;dj úiska o lghq;= l< wldrhg
iudcfha wfkl=;a mqoa.,hkap l%shdl, hq;=h hk u;h iEu ukqIHfhl= ;=<u
uq,aneif.k we;s woyils¡ kS;sfhka fyda cku;h u`.ska fyda mqoa., yeisÍu ms<sn|j
mekfjk kS;sÍ;s l%shd;aul lsrug fyda thska je,lS isáug fyda ñksid l%shd;au;
jkafka iajlSh iajdñjreka úiska fyda foújreka úiska ;uka flfrys olajk mlaImd;s
Ndjhg fyda ms<sl=<g ñksiaj¾.hd jy,aj isák neúks¡ iqpß;Ndjh ms<sn|j
.eg¨j,§ ñksid lDDr jOysxidj,g,la jkafka tlS .e;slu fyda jy,aNdjh ms<sn| ñ;Hd
ufkdaNdjhka ksid nj ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ ñksia iudch úiska ia:djrNdjhlska hqla;j b;d
Wodr;ajhla ysñlr .ksñka mj;ajdf.k meñK we;s úYaIaG ldrKh wd.ñl úYajdi
nj;a" wka;.dñ yd iudc ys;ldó fkdjk wd.ñl oafõYh mokï fldg wúpdrYs,s
Ndjfhka iajlSh u;fhysu t,anf.k isák wd.ñl ixia:du`.ska iodpdr ye`.sï ms<sn|j
iïm%odhsl .;dkq.;sl;ajh flfrys lsis÷ ielhla fkdolaj;s¡
tfia jqjo"
18 jeks ishjfia isg m%isoaêfha mqoa.,hd i;= whs;sh zzksoyiZZ ms<sn|j ñ,af.a
u;fhys bÈßm;a jq ;¾l w;r wmeyeÈ,s;djhka we;¡ thg fya;=j ;d¾;s; .eg¨ yd
wixl+,;djhhs¡ zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| úu¾Ykfha§ zzksoyiZZ iudch ;=< wod, lr
.ekSu iïnkaOfhka ks¾jpk ksrdl+,Ndjhla fkd;sìñh¡ flfia jqjo iudc ueÈy;aùfuka
fyda rcfha md,kafhka zzfm!oa.,sl ksoyiZZ wdrCId lr.; hq;=h hk f;audj meyeÈ,sj
bÈßm;a ù we;¡ tfiau od¾Yksl miqìul isg ^1& iudc fyda mqoa.,sl zzis;=ú,sZZ
yd zzl%shdjka ZZ w;r fjkio @
^2& iudc iïuq;sh $ wdpdrO¾u yd iudc iïm%odh yd rcfha md,kh w;r fjkio @
^3& mqoa.,hd i;= w;audfmaCIdj yd
mßksIaG yeisÍu ms<sn| fjki o wjodrKhg ,la ù we;¡ is;Sfï ksoyi fukau u;hla
m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi o ;sìh hq;= njg wjOdrKh lr we;¡ u;hla m%ldY lsÍu iudcfhys
wkHhkag n,meje;sõh yels l%shdjla jqjo" u;hla m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyig lsisúfgl;a
ndOdfkdl, hq;= nj fmkajd fohs¡ tfia jqjo wfkl=;a idudðlhkaf.a whs;sjdislïj,g
wod, fkdjk ldrKd j,§ zziudchSh fyda uyck u;fhys iduqys; wêldrhZZ fmkajd fohs¡
uyck u;hka md,kh lsÍu i|yd jk rdcH wêldr u;fhys m%n,;ajh wêljk w;r tlS mSvdldÍ
nkaOkhla we;s flfrk njgo Tyq ;jÿrg;a ;¾l lrhs¡ wdpd¾h lßka ä Is,aâia úiska
ñ,af.a zzksoyiZZ kï lD;sh ;=< Yla;sh
olakafka zzñksidg iy iudchg" úúOdldr jq pß; rdYshl we;s jeo.;alu iy"
udkqIsl m%lD;shg thg ßÈ mßÈ" wkka;jQ;a" úioDYjq;a Èidjkag jHdma; ùug
iïmq¾K ksoyi §fï we;s jeo.;aluhsZZ jYfhks¡
mqoa.,fhl= ;=< udkisl yd iodpdrd;au;
m%lD;sh j¾Okh ùfï l%shdj,sfha § iïm%odhsl iudc iïuq;s úiska ndod fkdl<
hq;af;ah¡ zzksoyiZZ ke;akï zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ ms<sn\ ms<s.;a uq,O¾u wndÈ;j
meje;au u`.ska mqoa., pß; yd fm!reI;aj j¾Okh ùu ;=<ska we;s flfrk iudc w.hka
yd iudc j¾Okhk buy;ah¡ iy ;u úreoaOjd§
msßiaj,g tfrysj ;u n,h yd ksoyi l%shd;aul lsÍug iudchg we;s whs;sh m%isoaêfha
m%ldY flrefKka zzksoyiZZ i|yd jq wd.ñl újdo mßY%hla ;=< Èh¡ fuu ld,h ;=< "
uyckhdf.a wNsreÑhg m%;smCIjk wNsreÈhla wdKavqj ksfhdackh lrk njg ;snq úYajdih
u; " mqoa., ksoyi ms<sn| rcfha ueÈy;a ùu flf¾¡ ck;dj ielfhka isák
nj;a" fm!oa.,sl ksoyig wvx.= hful=f.a fm!oa.,sl foaj,a md,kh lsÍug rdcH
ueÈy;aùu fkdl< hq;= njg;a ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ m%cd;ka;%jdÈ md,k l%u yd wdKavqfõ
uOHu mx;sfha ksfhdackh jeäùu;a iu`. mqoa.,sl ksoyi wdKavqfõ wdl%uKhg ,lajk
iuld,Sk nqoaêu;=ka úiska ;¾lrK ,§¡ tfia jqjo rcfha ueÈy;aùu ms<sn| fya;=
iys;j iïm%odhsl jYfhka úu¾Ykh lsÍug yd fhda.Hho" wfhda.Hho hkak ;SrKh
lsÍug isoaOdka;hla ke;snjo Tjqka ta;a;= .;af;ah¡
iudc m%.;sh
i|yd zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iïnkaO kS;Hdkql+, wjia:djka fyda lafIa;%hkao " iudc
wêldßfha ueÈy;aùu iïnkaO kS;s wjia:d yd lafIa;%hka o" ú.%y lsÍu 19 jeks ishjfiys hqfrdamfha nqoaêu;=ka ú.%y
lf<ah¡ fï ish¨ foa zziudcm%.;shZZ hk uy`.= wruqK u; ielish hq;=fõ¡ zzmqoa.,
ksoyiZZ fyda iudchSh fmdÿ ksoyiZZ u`.ska udkj j¾.hdf.a m%.;shg ys;lrjk ish¨
l%shdjkaf.a iSudjkao" udkj m%.;shg ys;lr fkdjk l%shdjkaf.a iSudjkao"
od¾Yksl nqoaêu;=ka fukau kS;sh ms<sn| nqoaêu;=kao y÷kd .ekSug W;aidy fldg
;sfí¡ mqoa., ksoyi flf¾ iudc wêldßfha n,mEu ms<sn| .eg¨j iudc úoHd;aul
jYfhka m%dfhda.sl .eg¨jls¡ thg ms<s;=re ,efnkqfha iudc wd¾Ól m%.;shg
wkql+,jh¡
zzmqoa.,
ksoyiZZ ms<sn| ldrKh " foaYmd,k od¾Yksl iajrEmfhka ú.%y lsÍug 19 jeks
ishjfiys nqoaêu;=ka fm<Uqk w;r " foaYmd,k ksoyi iy fmdÿ ck wNs,dYhka yd
ne\qKq iudcm%.;sh wruqKq lr.;a Ñka;kj rgdjka úúO uqyqKqjßka biau;=jkakg úh¡
fnka;ï jd§kaf.a m%h;akh jq iq¿;rhla jq bvï ysñ m%N+mx;shg tfrysj" uOHu
mx;sfha foaYmd,k n,h ;yjqre ;sÍuh¡ fï wkqj 19 jeks ishjfia uq,aNd.h ;=<
fnka;ïjd§ foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK we;súh¡ zzksoyiZZ yd zziudc m%.;shZZ u; isg jeäu
msßilg jeäu hym; ie,fik foaYmd,k wd¾Ól Ñka;kh Wkkaÿ lsÍu w;HdjYH wxYh njg
m;aúh¡ fï w;r" lïlre mx;sfha foaYmd,k wd¾Ól ksoyi ms<sn| u;o u;=jkakg
úh¡
Tyqf.a .%ka:fha
uq,a mßÉfþofha§u zzksoyig fmrjoklaZZ jYfhka wdrïNfha§u ;¾l lrkafka zzmqoa.,
ksoyiZZ wdl,amkh lsÍfï § mqoa., ksoyi
u`.ska wkHhka fj; flfrk n,mEu muKlau uq,a;ekg .ekSu fld;rï fhda.Hjkafkaoehs ;¾l
lrñksZZ ´kEu flfkl=f.a yeisÍfuys Tyq
iudchg j.lsj hq;= fldgi kï" wkHhkag wod, jk fldgihs¡ ;ukagu muKla n,mj;ajk
fldgi iïnkaOfhka Tyqg we;s ksoyi mru
whs;sjdisluls¡ ;uka iïnkaOfhka Tyqg we;s mru
whs;sjdisluls¡ ;uka iïnkaOfhka fukau ;udf.a isrer iy uki iïnkaOfhkao
mqoa.,hdg iajdêm;Hh ysñhZZ hkqfjka ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ ;jo ish¨u wdldrfha wdpdr O¾u
yd wdY%s; .eg¨ ms<sn| m%n,u wdl¾Ykh úh hq;af;a tys zzWmfhda.S;djh ZZms<sn| ;;ajhhs¡ th
ñksia j¾.hdf.a iaÓr iqN isoaêh u; mokï úh hq;=h¡ th mq¿,a w¾:hl Wmfhda.s;djhlao
úh hq;=uh" hkak f.kyer olajhs¡
oekg ñksid úiska ,nd we;s iudc wd¾Ól
m%.;shg wkql+,jk j¾;udk YsIagdodrh úiska" mqoa., ksoyi u; flfrk ls%hdjla
u`.ska wfkl=;a whs;sjdislïj,g wjysr jk úg tu l%shdj ndysr md,khlg tkï"
iudc wêldr n,hg o" kS;shg o hg;afõ¡ tfiau mqoa.,hd úiska iudchg bgqúh
hq;=lï meyer yeÍuo iudc wêldß n,hg yd kS;shg h;a fõ¡ mqoa.,fhl= hïlsis l%shdjla
lsÍfuka muKla fkdj hïlsis l%shdjla fkdlsÍfuka o wkHhkag fyda iudchg kmqrla
isÿl< yelsh¡ j¾;udk kS;su`.ska yd iudc Í;s u`.ska " rchka úiska yd
iudch úiska fulS ;;a;ajhka wjia:dfkdaÑ; mßÈ ueÈy;a ùulg ,la lrkq ,nhs¡ tfia
jqjo" is;sfï ksoyio" thg iïnkaO woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyio" ,sùfï
ksoyio " 18 jk ishji jk úg hqfrdamh mqrd ia:dms; fjñka meje;sks¡ fuu ksoyi ms<sn|j we;sj újD; Ndjhka "
ixjdoYs,s Ndjhka" ck;dn,h ms<sn|j yd m%cd;ka;%jd§ wdKavql%u ms<sn|j
uq,sl u; ms<s.ekSulg m%úIaGhla ,nd.;af;ah¡
iagqj¾Ü ñ,af.a .%ka:fha fojeks
mßÉfþofhka zzis;sfï yd idlÉPd lsÍfï ksoyiZZ ms<sn| ú.%yhl fhfohs¡ hqfrdamd
b;sydifhys 18-19 ishjia ;=< nqoaêu;=ka jeä jYfhka oeä wjodkh fhduq lf<a
fï ms<sn|jh¡ foaYmd,kh yd od¾Yksl b;sydifha ñksid jeä m%udKhl ksoyila N+la;s úÈh hq;= jqfha fï úIh ms<sn|jh¡ zm%ldYkhZ iy zu;hZ
ms<sn| ;¾l lrk ñ,a zzu;hl I;H;dj jq l,s tys Wmfhda.s;djfhkau fldgila njZZ
fmkajd fohs¡ b;du hym;a ñksiqkaf.a u;h wkqj i;Hhg mgyeks ´keu úYajdihla
ks;HjYfhkau m%fhdackj;a fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs¡
7¡ ksoyi yd u; .egqu
ñ,af.a .%ka:fha
3 jeks mßÉfþofhka ksoyi ms<n| Tyqf.a m%ia;=; f;audj jq zzY=N idOkfhys uq,sl
wx.hla jYfhka fm!oa.,sl;ajfhys ksoyiZZ ms<sn|j ú.%y lrhs¡ fuys§ wkHhkag tkï
wkHkaf.a ksoyig ndOd muqKqjkakd jq fyda w.;s.dójkakd jq fyda l%shdjla lsÍug
zzmqoa.,sl ksoyiZZ ;=< wjldYhla fkd;sìh hq;=h hkak ñ,a ;rfha ms<s.ks¡
zzu; m%ldYlrK wjia:dkq.; ;;ajh wkqj tajd u`.ska lsishï uer l%shdjlg ck;dj
;=< Wis.kajkq ,nkafka kï ta ksid u;j,g ysñj we;s zzuqla;shZZ wysñj
hkafkah¡ZZ zz--- ÿmam;=ka l=i.skafka
;nkafka ;sß`.= fj<÷ka úiska hhso" fmd!oa.,sl foam< jq l,S uxfld,a,lk ,oafoa hhso" m;% ud¾.fhka
m;=rejd yeßh úg bka mSvdjla ùug bv ke;¡ tfy;a ;sß`.= fjf<kafol=f.a ksjila
bÈßmsg /iaj isák l,n,ldß ck;djla wu;d th
m%ldY l< úg fyda m;dlhla jYfhka ilia lr th Tjqka w;g m;a l< úg" ta
i|yd o`vqjï meñKs ùug idOdrK bvla ;sfí¡ZZ hkqfjka ñ,a iduldó iy ;d¾ls; mßirhl
isg fmkajd § ;sfí¡ fuh
zzñ,aZZ f.a fjk;a ldrKd iïnkaO oeä úfõpk iu`. ixikaokh lsÍfïÈ
Tyq iodpdrh yd kS;sh ms<sn|jo f.!rjdkaú;j fuysÈ lreKq bÈßm;a lr we;s
nj ms<s.; hq;=h¡
iagqjrÜ ñ,a
Tyqf.a .%ka:fha 4 jeks mßÉfþofhka zzmqoa.,hd u; iudch úiska mj;ajk wên,fhys
iSudjkaZZ ms<sn| úfõpkd;aul úu¾IKhla lrhs¡ Tyqf.a uq,slu ;¾lh Tyq
f.dvk.kafka fufiah¡ zz;uka iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,fhl= i;=j we;s mrudëm;Hhg ksisf,i
ysñúh hq;= iSudj l=ulao@ mqoa.,hd u; iudch i;= wên,fhys wdrïNh we;s jkafka
fld;ekskao@ udkj ðú;fhka fld;rï m%udKhla
mejßh hq;= jkafka o@ iudcuh ne§ï kshukh
msKsi iudchg;a mejßh hq;=jkafka o@
iudcuh ne§ï ks.ukh msKsi iudc iïuq;s wjYH fkdjk nj;a thska hym;la fkdjk nj;a
fm!oa.,sl;ajh iy zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iy iudc whs;sjdislï yd iudchSh fmdÿ ksoyi n,k
úg ta ta wxY flfrys jvd;a wod,jk lreKq fudkjdo hkak ksYaÑ; fldg" iudc Ôú;h
;=< mqoa.,hd ie,ls,a,la olajk foh fm!oa.,sl;ajhg o" iudc ie,ls,a,la
olajk fldgi iudchg o ysñúh hq;= nj Tyqf.a
woyihs¡ fufia ia:r folla ;=< jk
yeisÍu ;=< mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r fndfydaúg >Ügk we;súh yelsnj Tyqf.a
;¾lhg yiqù ke;¡ tfia jqjo "
zzmqoa.,hdZZ iy iudch w;r ne÷Kq iïuq;shla wjYHh nj;a" iudcfhka Tyqg
,efnk wdrCIdj yd m%fhdackj,g ir,k f,i
Tyqf.ka iudchgo Tyq hula ,ndÈh hq;=nj ms<s.ks¡ zziudch ;=< Ôj;aùu hkq
h:d¾:hla ksidu" tys Ôj;ajk iEu
mqoa.,fhl=u" wfkl=;a mqoa.,hka
flfrys mej;sh hq;= lsishï l%uhla wkq.ukh lsÍu wksjd¾h ù ;sfíZZ fufia iudch yd mqoa.,hd ;=< meje;au u; meje;sh hq;= nj Tyq ms<sf.k
we;¡ fuu iïnkaO;djh ;=< " kS;uh jYfhka mekù we;s úêúOdk u`.ska flfrk
md,khg wod, meje;au iy iudc kS;s yd iudc m%;sm;a;s u`.ska ksy`vj we;s lrf.k
we;s fyda we;s lr.; yels wjfndaOh u; whs;sjdislï jYfhka ms<s.efkk foa ksoyi
;+< ks;e;skau we;=<;a ù we;¡
mqoa.,fhl= úiska wmlS¾;shg m;ajk foa
w;r" Tyq úiska lrk foa iy Tyq ,nd we;s mqreÿ yd iudcfha fmdÿ wfmaCId yd
mqreId¾: iu`. .eàfuka we;sjk foa m%Odk ;ekla .kS¡ mqoa., wj.=K jYfhka yd iodpdr
úfrdaë ÿYapß; ms<sn| iudc ú{dKh
mqoa.,hd flf¾ iDcqju n,mdhs¡ tfia jqjo mqoa.,hka i;=j we;s zzw;audfmaCI
ZZ jerÈj, ÿIaGlula ke;snj;a" mqoa.,hd ;ud flf¾ ie,ls<su;a úh hq;af;a l=uk fya;=jla ksido
hkak;a mqoa.,hdf.a zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ g wod, m%YaKhls¡ wfkla w;g "
mqoa.,hdu; iudc n,fha idOdrK me;a;la we;s nj;a" fndfyda úg .egqï we;sjkqfha
ñksid ;=< we;s fmdÿ úIu;djhka jk" ;r`.ldß;ajh" B¾IHdj "
fl%daOh" ffjrh" m<s.ekSu " mlaImd;s;jh jeks lreKq w;r jk
yeisÍï ksidh¡ fï wkqj zzmqoa.,hdZZ fukau iudcho Tjqfkdjqka úiskau isÿlr.kakd
wk¾:lï" wju lr .ekSu iïnkaO fmdÿ iyfhda.S;djh Yla;su;a l< hq;=h¡
iagqj¾Ü ñ,a Tyqf.a .%ka:fha wjidk
mßÉfþofhka zzNdú;hZZ ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrhs¡ Tyqf.a iïmq¾K W;aidyh ;=<
isoaOdka; folla Tiafia ;¾l lr we;¡ m<uq isoaOdka;h kï mqoa.,fhl= úiska lrk l%shdjla Tyqgu yer" Tyqf.a Y=N isoaêhg muKula jk kuq;a fjk;a wfhl=g
fyda iudc Y=N isoaêhg fya;= fkdfõ kï jqjo" Tyq iudchg j.lj hq;= fkdfõ¡ iudch ;=< wm%idohla we;akï hqla;siy.; ud¾.h jkafka Tyqg wjjdo lsÍu fyda
Tyq u.yer isàuhs¡ fojk isoaOdka;h kï" wkHhkaf.a Y+N isoaêhg yd
whs;sjdislïj,g ydks iys; l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r Tyq
iudch úiska fyda kS;sh u`.ska o`vqjulg hg;a lsÍu hqla;s iy;hZZhkakhs¡
fuu mßÉfþofha jeä fldgi zzksoyiZZ
iïnkaOfhka rcfha iy iodpdr ixia:djkaf.a wka;¾ iïnkaOfhys iajrEmh ú.%y lrhs¡
ì%;dkHh ;=< 18 iy 19 jk Y; j¾Ij, we;sjq nqoaê m%fndaOh ;=< úúO foaYmd,k o¾Yk we;sjq w;r iagqjÜ ñ,a
zzksoyiZZ hkak mq¿,a lafI;%h; mj;sk nj ikd: lf<ah¡ mqoa.,hd i;= foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï yd Okh fn§hEu ms<sn|j kj m%;sixialrK
flfrys we§hkakg jQfha fuu m%;sm;a;s >Ügkh
;=<g iudcjdÈ lïlre mx;sh w; oeóu;a iu`.h¡ lïlre mx;sfha foaYmd,k
wd¾Ól ksoyi ms<sn| iudcjd§ Ñka;kh fjkqjg whs;sjdislï ms<sn| m%;sixialrK
jd§kaf.a ueÈy;aùu foaYmd,k iudch ;=< olakg ,enqKs¡ ,snr,a jd§kaf.a ueÈy;a ùu
foaYmd,k iudch ;=< olakg ,enqKs¡ ,snr,ajd§ka fyj;a iaj;ka;% jd§ka yd /äl,a
fyj;a WkauQ,jdÈkaf.a o¾Yk yd l%shdl,dm w;r iagqj¾Ü ñ,a foda,kh jQ nj foaYmd,k
úpdrlhkaf.a woyihs¡ úfYaI lreK kï lemSfmfkk foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKjd§ Ñka;khka ;=<
^ fnka;ïjd§ iy f*aìhka jd§& ;snq úúOdlr Ñka;k .egqï w;r zzksoyiZZ yd neÿKq
rcfha wêldßn,h yd mqoa., ksoyi yd ne÷Kq iudc ixia:d wêldr n,h iïnkaO bÈß
Ñka;khkaf.a j¾Okh m%úIaG fodrlvla
iagqj¾Ü ñ,a úiska újD; l< nj fmdÿ ms<s.ekSuhs¡
ñ,a ;¾l lrkafka hïlsis iudchg wys; lr
hula md,kh lsÍu fyda ;ykï lsÍfï §
wkq.ukh l< hq;af;a
ksIamdolhdf.a fyda fjf<kaodf.a ksoyig ndOd lsÍï ksid fkdj nvq
.ekqïlrejkaf.a ksoyig ndod lsÍu ksidh¡ îu;alu mqoa., wfmaCIs; l%shdjkag wh;a
nj;a rcfha fyda iudcfha ueÈy;aùug wjYHh
l%shdjla fkdjk njg ;¾l lrhs¡ tfy;a îu;alu ksid wkHkag jk lror j,§ muKla iudchg
fyda kS;shg ueÈy;a úh yelsh¡ îu;a lñka ksrka;rj wkHhkag lror lrk mqoa.,hd
flfrys t,a,jk o`vqjï" Tyqf.a ksoyi
W,a,x.Kh lsÍula fkdfõ¡ fï whqßkau Tyq iqÿ fl<sh yd .Ksld jD;a;sh jeks jerÈ
ms<sn| ;¾l lrhs¡ fmd,sishg fld;rï n,;, ÿkak;a iQÿ fmd,j,a hï hï fya;=u;
mj;ajdf.k hdug mq¿jka lu we;¡ fuu lghq;=j, kshqla; jk mqoa.,hka muKla tu
lghq;=j, kshqla; jk ksid tajdfha ryiH Ndjh iudchg o" rchgo wkdjrKh lr.;
fkdyel¡ hïlsis NdKavhla Ndú;d lrk wh w;r iudc Ndú;h wju lsÍu i|yd ñ, wêl lsÍu fyda ;ykï lsÍu nyq;rhlf.a ksoyi
W,a,x>kh lsÍula nj;a" mqoa.,hd yd iudc l%shdldrlï iïnkaOfhkao " fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d iïnkaO mqoa.,hd i;=
ksoyi whs;sjdislï o fjkqfjka rcfha ueÈy;a ùu ksid mqoa., ksoyi lvùfï ;;a;ajhg
m;a fkdúh hq;= nj iagqj¾g’ ó,a ;rfha úYajdi lrhs¡ -
 |
| Dr. D. Tennakoon |
No comments:
Post a Comment