Sunday, January 22, 2017

නිදහස ON LIBERTY/FREEDOM By Dr. D. Tennakoon

ksoyi ^On Liberty)

idrdxYh

zzksoyiZZ- mqoa., ksoyi yd iudc ksoyi ms<sn| ffk;sl miqìul isg  n,k úg hïlsis ia:djr w¾:l;khla ,eì ;snqKo foaYmd,k od¾Yksl úu¾IK ;=< we;s ;¾lkhkays yd úkh uQ, ks¾jpkhkays úúO;ajh ksid fmdÿ ks¾jpkhlg meñKsu ÿIalrh¡ iagqjÜ ñ,a 1859 § zzksoyiZZ hkak isoaOdka; folla Tiafia úu¾Ykh lrhs ( ^1& mqoa.,fhl= isÿlrkq ,nk l%shdjla Tyqf.a yer fjk;a whf.a hym;g fya;= fkdjk ksid tu l%shdj iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j. fkd lsj hq;= nj ; tfy;a iudchg Tyqg wjjdo $ Wmfoia §ug fyda Tyq u`. yer isàug yelsh " ^2& wkHhkaf.a w.;shg $ ysßyerhg fya;=jk l%shdj;a iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r" Tyq iudchSh fyda ffk;sl o`vqjulg hg;aùu idOdrKh¡ tla tla mqoa.,hdf.ka iudch iEÈ we;s w;r tjeks iudchl l%shdjla ;j;a iudchlg fyda ck fldÜGdihlg w.;s.dó jk úg w.;shg m;a iudchg l%shdj lrk iudch u; n,mEï we;s l< yelsh¡ jD;a;sh iñ;shl oeä úfrdaO;djla fmdÿ ck;djf.a zzksoyiZZW,a,x>kh lrk úg rcfha ueÈy;aùu wjYH jqjo" tjeks rcfha ueÈy;a ùulska muKlau fujeks iudc w.;s.dó ld¾hhka je<elaúh yels o@ jvd;au fhda.H jkafka jvd m%n, l%shdldßlhka yd iudcfha fmdÿ ksoyi wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd ck;dj ixúOdkh lsÍu" ck;djf.a wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug yd iu.dój tjeks jerÈ iïnkaOfhka rdcHh md,k wêldßh iu`. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= l<yels ck;dlñgq ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd iudcYs,s yd m%cd;ka;%jd§ l%shdud¾. i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsßu jeks l%shdud¾. flfrys wjodkh fhduq lsÍuhs¡

Enjoying at a Party

1¡ m%drïh
        zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhys w¾:h oelaúu ms<sn|j ieliq ksis újrK we;o" mqoa.,hd iy iudch w;r mj;akd wfkHkHh iïnkaO;djhg wkqremj mqoa.,hd i;= ksoyfiys iSud ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd ksis w¾:l;khla ke;¡ ta ta ixialD;Skag wkql+,j iudc ixia:d iy wdh;k úiska mqoa.,hka i;= ksoyi fm!oa.,sljo fmdÿfõo N=la;s ú§u msKsi Tjqka úiskau ilid .kakd ,o fmdÿ wdpdr O¾u iy kS;s moaO;shla ñksid úiska wkdÈu;a ld,hl isgu ilid fmdÿfõ ms<s.ekqk wkql+,;djhka u; mqoa.,sl ksoyi yd ta yd ne÷kq iudc j.lSu ms<sn| iaÓr úYajdihla f.dvk`.d .;af;ah¡ zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhjys w¾: w;r mßKdñl iajNdjhla .kS¡ wkdÈu;a ld,hla ;siafia ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o úoHd yd Ydia;%Sh oekSï yd wd.ñl uQ,O¾uhkaf.a úldYkh yd úYajdih u; zzksoyiZZ hk jpkfhys w¾: ksrEmkh o mßKduhg ,laj we;¡ ñksid fN!;sl jYfhka muKla fkdj udkisl jYfhka o mßKduh fõ¡ fuu mßKdñl l%shdj,shg wkqj zzudkisl mßKdñl l%shdj,shZZ fya;=fjka iudc.; ixia:d wdpdr O¾u yd úYajdi o mßKduhg ,laj we;¡

2 mßKduh
        kùk wd¾Ól -ixialD;sl úm¾hdIsh l%shdoduh lrd ñksid .uka .;af;a 18 jeks ishji isg l%ñlj .uka.;a úoHd-YDia;%sh {dKhhs¡ fï wkqj ñksid zzld¾ñlZZ hq.hlg msúisKs¡ ld¾ñl úma,jh;a iu`. iïm%odhsl udjf;ka Tíng .uka.;a ñksid ish úoHd;aul {dKh j¾Okh lr .;a;d muKla fkdj ish Ydia;%Sh {dKho j¾Okh lr .;af;ah¡ merKS iudc ixia:d u; kúk Ñka;khg wkqj yev.eiqK ksoyia wdpdrO¾u yd iudc kS;s wdfrdamKh úh¡ ixialD;sl " wd¾Ól jYfhka muKla fkdj  foaYmd,ksl jYfhka o we;súh hq;= fjkiaùï iïnkaOfhka úúO u; uq, O¾u " l%fudamdhka ksrka;r wjOdrKhg ,lajdjd muKla fkdj ta ms<sn|j isÿúh hq;= m%;sixialrK  ks;r w;ayod ne,Sï j,g ,lajkakg úh¡ wm úiska w.h lrkq ,nk zzksoyia m%cd;%ka;%jd§ZZ iudchSh wjia:dj  fj; udkj ixialD;sh $ YsIagdpdrh mßKduh jqfha fï wdldrhgh¡

3  mqoa., ksoyi yd iudchSh j.lSu
mqoa., ksoyi ms<n|j we;s w¾:l;khka fukau ta ms<sn|j mqoa.,hd ;=< we;s úYajdih yd ne§u fukau Tyqf.a iodpdrd;aul .;s mej;=ï flfrys we;sjk iudc mdßißl fyda iajdNdj Od¾ñl .;s mej;=ï flfrys we;sjk iudc mdßißl fyda iajNdjOd¾ñl mßir moaO;Ska ;=<ska flfrk n,meï wkqj yev.eiqkq zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| mqoa., wdl,amh zziudchsh mdßißlZZ moaO;sfhka moaO;shg fjkia úh yelsh¡ fyd| ^Acceptable& yd krl ^Not Acceptable & ms<sn| mqoa.,hd i;= ú{dKh j¾Okh jkqfha by; i|yka l< ms<sfj,g nj úúO ixialD;skaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdr yd  w;aoelSï ms<sn| m%;spdrhka u`.ska wkdjrKhfõ¡ fM;sydisl miqìu u; úuik úg 19 jeks ishjfia isg f,dalfha isÿjq úoHd;aul yd YDia;%sh nqoaê m%fndaOh u;  merKs iudc ixia:d tkï jevjiï  iudc wd¾Ól uq,O¾u " jy,a fiajh " taldêm;s rdcH md,k ixia:d " iudc ksoyi " wd¾Ól ksoyi " foaYmd,ksl ksoyi " iudcjd§ wd¾Ól iudc mßjrKh ^ Transformation&  " lïlre n,h yd whs;sjdislï " foam, mßyrKh " wdodhï yd mßfNdackh iïnkaOfhka ne÷Kq iuwhs;sh yd iudkd;au;djh jeks ;;ald,sSk jeo.;alula we;s lreKq flfrys kj weilska ne,Sug ñksid wj;S¾K jqjd muKla fkdj ta ms<sn|j úu¾Ykh lsÍu " úfõpkh lsÍu yd uq,O¾u yd kHdhd;aul úYaf,aIK nyq,jkakg úh¡

Students' Protesting Campaign


        by;ska oelajqk mßKdñl nqoaê m%fndaOh;a iu`.u jevlrk mx;sfha ^Labour Class& whs;sjdislï iïnkaO ck;d fm<.eiaùï we;sjkakg úh¡ fulS úm¾hdi fndfyda fia we;s jkakg jQfha wefußldkq uyoaùmfha iy hqfrdamd uyoùmfhah¡ ^ wdish uyoaùmfha reishdkq N=ñ m%foaYho w;=¨j& hqfrdamfha we;sjq uOHu mdka;slhkaf.a whs;sjdislï wdrlaId  lsÍu iïnkaO ,snr,a jd§ foaYmd,k Ñka;kh;a " lïlre whs;sjdislï iq/lSfï jHdmdrh;a" w;r .egqï we;sjkakg úh¡ fï w;r hqfrdamfha we;sjq m<uqjk f,dal hqoaOh ^ 1914-1918& ksid hqfrdamd ck;dj wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka uy;a mSvkhg ,laúh¡ tfiau 1917 isÿjq reishdkq úma,jho hqfrdamd foaYmd,k wd¾Ól Ñka;kh fjkia ùu flfrys oeã mSvkhla we;s lf<ah¡ jegqk hqfrdamh h<sf.dv ke.Su ms<sn| kj m%;sixialrK wjOdkhg ,laúh¡  mqoa.,hd i;= ksoyi ^ Freedom / Liberty & ms<sn|j úYd, jYfhka újdohg ,lajq woyia m%ldY jqfha ì%;dkH cd;sl fcdaka iagqj¾Ü ñ,a úiska 1859 È rÑ; zzksoyiZZ ^ On Liberty& kï jq .%ka:h u`.sks¡ Tyq tu .%ka:h u`.ska  rgjeisfhl=$ mqoa.,fhl= i;= ksoyi ^iajdëk;ajh& ms<sn| u;h " úúO jq ;d¾lsl me;slv Tiafia  ú.%y lrkq ,nhs¡ zzksoyiZZ iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd úiska orKq ,nk wdl,am yd mqoa.,sl yeisÍu u; iudch úiska  iduqysl f,i m;=rjk wêldßfhys  iSudjka ks¾Kh lsÍu iy tajd ksrka;rj úu¾Ykh lsÍfï wjYH;djhla we;s nj Tyqf.a ;¾l ;=< ie`.ù we;s woyihs¡ fm!oa.,sl yd  iduqysl l%shdldÍ;ajfhys iSudjka wOHhkh lsÍu yd kshu lsÍu ms<sn| Tyq úiska lrK fhdackd ;=< .e,mSula fkdue;slu .eg¨jla jYfhka fmkSug ;sfí¡ fnfyda foaYmd,k úpdrlhka ñ,a ;=< ;snq fuu ÿ¾j,;djh úfõpkh fldg ;sfí¡foaYmd,k úoHdj ms<sn| wdpd¾Hjrfhl= jk lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia úiska fcdaka iagqjrâ ñ,af.a ;¾l j, mriamr úfrdaë;dj y÷kd f.k we;¡ iagqj¾Ü ñ,a lsishï ud¾.hl t,a,hla lrd .uka lrkq fjkqjg wruqKla fyda mrud¾:hlska f;drj úreoaO wruqKq yd m%mxp Tiafia .uka lr we;s nj úfõlfhka mji;s¡ ñ,a b;sydih  " o¾Ykjdoh " Ys%l yd ,;ska NdId  iy kS;sh wOHhkh lf<ah¡ Tyq ks;ru Wmfhda.s;d jd§ m%;sixialrK j¾Okh lsÍu flfrys fhduq jq w;r l%ufhka Tyq fnka;ï  jdÈfhla úh¡ miqj Tyq fjkia úh¡ Tyq WkauQ,jd§ ^radical& m%;sixialrK we;s lsÍfï jHdmdr j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd wkqn, ÿkafkah¡ úpdrlhka mjik mßÈ  iagqj¾Ü ñ,a iudch ;=< wfkla whf.a woyia j,g yd úfõpkj,g widudkHh f,i ,lajq njo " Tyqf.a o¾Ykjd§ fjkia ùï yd j¾Okhka fiau pß;h yd is;=ú,s úúOdlr n,mEï yd w;aoelSï u; fjkiafjñka j¾Okh ù we;s nj i;Hhls¡ Tyq úu¾YkYs,s nqoaêuf;l= jQfha Tyq /äl,ajd§ m%;sixialrK n,.ekaùfï jHdmdrhkays lemS fmkqk kshdulfhl= jq ksidh¡ mqoa., ksoyi ms<sn|j iudch úiska lrkq ,nk iSudjka flfrys Tyq úfYaIfhka i|yka lrkafka ta ksid úh hq;=h¡
Protesting Walk
        zzksoyi ^ Liberty & ms<sn|j úYaju; yd ms<s.ekSïj,g wkqj iajlSh ksoyi  zzyiqrejd .ekSu ms<sn|ZZ mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdrd;aul ufkdaNdjhka iajúYaf,aIKh iïmq¾Kj ;sìh hq;= w;r úfrdaOh mEug m%udKj;a whqßka j¾Okh ù ;sìh hq;=fõ¡ ñ,a úiska Tyq  udkisl b;sydifhys w¾nqohg uqyqK§fï§ Tyq fuh ms<sf.k we;¡ mshdf.ka ,enqKq wNdIfhka Tyq foaYmd,k od¾Ykslfhla jqjo Tyq zzfn;alïZZ jdÈfhl= ùfï §  yd fjk;a úreoaO u; w;r t,an .ekSfï § Tyq iodpdrd;aul ufkdaNdjhka úYaf,aIKhg yd tajdg úfrdaOh mEug ;rï iajhx j¾Okhla ,nd fkd;snq nj Tyq m%ldY lrhs¡ lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia i|yka lrk mßÈ iagqjÜñ,a zzTyqf.a §¾> pdrldj wdrïN l< wjia:dfjys uekúka  iïmdokh l< kejla iy iqlaldkula iys;j tfy;a rej,la fkdue;sj w;rux ù isáfhah¡ZZ

        iagqjrÜ ñ,a  iudch" iudc wdpdr O¾u yd mqoa., ksoyi ms<sn| .egqï flfrys kj wld,am ms<sn|j ;¾l lrkakg jqfha Tyqf.au fm!oa.,sl w;aoelSï ;=<sks¡ WkauQ,jd§ ^/äl,ajd§& wdl,am j,g wkqn, oelajq ;reK jHdmdßlfhl=f.a ;reK ìß| ^yeßhÜ fÜ,¾& iu`. fudyq ;reK ld,fha§u iïnkaO;d meje;ajq w;r" ,kavka kd.ßl iudch fuh úfõpkh lrkakg úh¡ Wiia mx;sh úiska uOHu yd lïlre mx;s flf¾ uqÿ fudf,dla f,i yd idOdrK f,i" kj wdl,amhlska fkdne,Su ms<sn|j fudjqka fofokdu ks;r ,sms f,aLK m< lrkakg mgka .;af;ah¡ iagqjÜ ñ,af.a foaYmd,k iudc o¾YKh fjkiajkakg jqfha fï  wdldrfhks¡

        zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| ixl,amfha § zzudkj iudcfha ld,fhka ld,hg biau;= jk m%dfhda.sl jq wjdodkï ;;a;ajhkag  m%;sm;a;s  wod, lr .ekSfï m%jK;djh flfrys foaYmd,ksl o¾Ykslhka fhduq úh hq;= nj 19 jeks Y;j¾Ifha § " by<  iy uOHu mx;sfhka ìysjq W.;=ka w;r ixjdohg ,laúh¡ reishdkq úma,jh;a iu`. hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma; jq zziudcjd§ ksIamdokh yd fnodyeÍfïZZ kHdhkaf.a wdNdIh foaYmd,k od¾Yksl úpdrlhka mqnqÿ lrkakg úh¡ Okh ksIamdokh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s j,o" Okh$ ksIamdokh fnodyeÍu yd fnodyeÍu md,kh lrk m%;sm;a;sj,o we;s úYd, fjkialï iudc iykh yd zziudÔh ksoyiZ ms<sn| .eg¨ j,g uq,ajk nj hqfrdamh ;=<o oeäf,i úfõpkh jkakg úh¡ foaYmd,k wd¾Ól úoHdlreKq ms<sn|j úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< iagqj¾Ü ñ,a 1861 § m%ldYhg m;a l< .%ka:fhka ksfhdað; wdKavql%u yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh w.h l<o" miqj tu md,k l%uj, úYaIaG m%;sm;a;s m%;slafIam lrkakg úh¡ ñ,a úiska 1869 § ldka;djkaf.a mrdêk;ajh ms<sn|jo újrKh lf<ah¡ ^ The Subjection of Women, 1869& ;jo Tyq  wd.u ms<sn| rpkd    ^wd.ñl iajNdjh " wd.ñl Wmfhda.sS;djh iy ks¾udKjdoh& iy iudcjdoh ms<sn| ish iajdêk úu¾IK wdY%s;jo  o Tyqf.a foaYmd,ksl o¾Ykjdofha wjidk keUqrej ms<sìUq lrkafkah¡ fï ld,fha§u iagqj¾Ü ñ,a zzmd¾,sfïka;= m%;sixialrKhZZ ms<sn|j ^ Thoughts on paliamentraty Reforms ,1859 & .%ka:h m%ldYkh m%isoaO lf<ah¡ ì%;dkHfha mqyqKq lïlrejkag Pkao whs;sh ysñlsÍu i|yd jq fhdackdjkag fudyq úreoaO úh¡ iq¿;rhlg jdisjk ryia Pkaohg yd Wiia wOHdmkh ,o W.;=kag nyq Pkao whs;sh ms<sn| fhdackdj o fudyq úfõpkh lf<ah¡ zzksoyi ^ Liberty  & ZZ ms<sn| iagqjÜñ,a olajk yrh wjq,a iy.;h¡ úYd, od¾Yksl mrdihka ;=< úúO ;¾l yd úúO kHdhka iuqyhlau úu¾Ykhg ,la l< o" wjidk jYfhka zzksoyiZZ hkak 19 jeks Y;j¾Ifha§ hqfrdamh mqrd me;sÍ.sh" wd¾Ól iudc w¾nqo yd .e,fmk mßÈ Wmfhda.s;d ;¾l iuQyhla u; mgjd ks.ukh lsÍfï whs;sh iudc yd foaYmd,k mßjrKh fj;u ;nk ,§¡

4¡ wdpdr O¾u yd ne¢ úIu;djh
        uydpd¾h lÍka ã¡ Is,aâia  lshk mßÈ iagqj¾Ü ñ,a zzmqoa.,fhl= u; iudch úiska iduqysl f,i m;=rejk wêldßfhys iSudj l=ula úh hq;= o@ZZ hkak ks;r yqjd olajd we;¡ mqoa., ksoyi yd ne÷Kq  fm!oa.,sl ld¾hhkays§  iudÔhSh iduqysl u; jdohka úiska we;s flfrk n,mEu yd p¾hd iïnkaO ueÈy;aùï j, iSudjka iudch úiskao rch yd rcfha md,k n, wêldÍka úiska o ksYaph lr.; hq;= nj Tyq fmkajd fohs¡ iudc Wmfhda.s;djhg wkql+,j wdpdrO¾u iy iudc iïnkaO;d w;r .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu wjYH idOlhls¡ iudch yd ta ;=< wkHhkag ydkslr jk úg ta i|yd wdrCIK m%;sm;a;s ieliSu muKla idOdrK njo Tyq ms<s.kshs¡  zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iudchSh jYfhka fyda wkHhka úiska iïm%odhsl rduqjla ;=< isg flf<iSu iagqj¾ ñ,a fy,d olshs¡ iïuq;s .; fkdjq u;hka wdêldrhka u`.ska zzÑka;kfhys yd u;jdofhys ksoyiZZ lsis úgl;a uev meje;aúh hq;= fkdjk nj iagqjrÜ ñ,af.a uq,slu ;¾lhhs¡
Freedom at Home: Enjoing in Family Gathering
        ñ,af.a o¾Ykfhys úfYaI;ajhla kï" zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ ms<sn|j flfrk ú.%yhhs¡ zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ tkï mqoa., ksoyi yd neÿk ish¨ mrdñ;slhka" udkj iuDoaêfhys uQf,da;amdok idOlhla fia ú.%y flf¾¡ mqoa.,fhl= úiska flfrk l%shdjla yd u;jdohla w;r fjkila ;sfí¡ l%shdfjys ksoyila we;¡ tfy;a mqoa.,sl l%shdjla wkHhkag o n,meje;aúh yelsh¡ u;jdohka ms<sn|jo tfiauh¡ tfia  jqjo iajlSh l%shdjka ms<sn| iuú{dKhg wkqj ;SrK .ekSug mqoa.,hka fm<Uúh hq;=h¡  ish¨ mqoa.,hka ish fm!reI;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd  iodpdr yd tys uQ,O¾u wod, lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hka W.; hq;=h¡ zzfm!reI;aj ixj¾OkhZZ  yd zzksoyiZZ hk  f;audj Tyq úksúo  olS¡ fm!oa.,sl  l%shdjkays ksoyi ms<sn|  wkqn,§fï iudc j.lSu fukau md,k wêldrfha j.lSu Tyq wjodrKh lrhs¡ Tyq fm!oa.,sl ksoyfiys tkï fm!oa.,sl;ajfhys iudc jákdlu w.h lrk w;r" mqoa., ksoyi u; megfjk wêldßn,h iSudúh hq;= njg ;¾l lrhs¡ hïlsis m%udKhl ueÈy;aula wjYH nj lshk w;r m%udKh yd iSudj blaujd ueÈy;aùu wka;rdodhlh hkak oeäfia úYajdi lrhs¡

        mqoa., ksoyi yd iudÔh ne§u" tfia ke;akï"  iudÔh iduqysl u; " úYajdi yd ks¾Kdhlhka Wmfhda.S;djd§ oDIaáfldaKhlska ú.%y lsÍu yd Tyqf.a ;¾l úma,úh iajrEmhla .ekSuo úfYaI ,laIKhls¡ Tyq ;¾l lrkafka tlu yrhl isg nj fmfka¡ iudch ;=< ksrka;rj we;sjk Ñka;khka yd u;jdo yd o¾Ykhka ;=<g m%;sm;a;s wdfoaYúh hq;=h¡ wdKavqjla nyq;r ck;djl md,khlg hg;aj isák nj;a" iudc u;jdo yd o¾Yk uev meje;aùug wdKavqjlg fkdyels njg ;¾l lrhs¡ Tyq zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ yd ne÷Kq úYd, m%udKhl iudÔhSh jdis we;s nj;a" iudchSh iduQysl ueÈy;a ùï ;=<ska biau;=jk mqoa.,hd fj; mejfrk iudchSh wjdiska ms<sn|j ú.%y lrhs¡ Ñka;k fyda u;jdo ksrCIKh lsÍfï § fyda we.hSfï§ ms<s.; hq;= kHhka 3 la ñ,a biau;= lrhs # tkï"
^1&  iudc iïuq;s.; fkdjq Ñka;k $ u;jdo i;H ùug bvwe;s nj" iy tu Ñka;k $u;jdo  hgm;a lsÍfuka i;Hh fkdfmkS hkakg ms<sjk"
^2&  ifya;=l wjfndaOh yd úplaIK u`.ska ia:dms; fkdjq úYajdi yd p¾hd O¾u " udkj j¾Okhg u. fmkaùug ;rï fkdjk nj"  iy u;hla fyda Ñka;khla wi;Hh jk úg tys fodaIhka neyer lsÍfuka i;H biau;= fõ" iy
^3& ´kEu u;hl  fyda Ñka;khl i;Hh hï m%udhla o" wi;Hh hï m%udKhlao wvx.= jk ksid iudc iïuq;s .; fkdjq u;hla jqjo iudch m%.;shg fya;= fõ¡ u;hla $ Ñka;khla iïmq¾Kfhkau i;H jkafkao ke; " iïmq¾Kfhkau wi;H jkafka o ke;¡  tfia jqjo" fm!oa.,sl;ajh yd ksoyi j¾Okh lsÍu;a idfmalaI jYfhka wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j iduqysl ueÈy;aùfï w.hka Tyq uekúka olS¡ mqoa.,fhl= úiska  bgq l< hq;=  hq;=lï fuka mqoa.,fhl= i;= whs;sjdislï o we;snj Tyq olshs¡ Tyq úiska ;ukag fukau iudcfha wkHhkago bgql< hq;= hq;=lï ;sfí¡ ;udf.a ksoyi yd l%shdjkaf.ka wkHhkag ydks fkdjk mßÈ j. n,d .ekSu n,j;au hq;=luhs¡ ;SrKd;aul wjia:djl zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iïnkaO úIh lafI;%hka Tíng hEug iudchg yelsh¡ mqoa., fyda mqoa., ixúOdk.; ixúOdk u`.ska flfrk l%shd fyda yeisÍula iïnkaOfhka iudchg wêlrK n,hla ;sfí¡ th zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| úIfhka fyda whs;sfhka neyerj zzkS;sh ms<sn| úIh lafI;%hgZZ m%úIag fõ¡ fï wkqj zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ yd zziudc wdrCIKhZZ yd zzkS;shZZ w;r oeä iïnkaO;djhla we;s nj wjOdrKh l< hq;=h¡  iudchg fukau md,k wêldrhgo" rgjeishd ;=< we;s ÿIapß; l%shdjkaf.ka yd iudc iodpdr úfrdaê l%shdjkaf.ka ksoyiaj Ôj;aùfï we;s zzksoyiZZ yd zzwhs;shZZ wdrCId l< hq;= ksidh¡ tfia jqjo fm!oa.,sl fm!reIj¾Okh yd mqoa., ksoyi m%j¾OkhlsÍfï hq;=lu rchla yd md,k wêldßh ;=< ;sìh hq;=h¡

5¡ rcfha ueÈy;aùu ms<sn| .eg¿j
        fm!oa.,sl ld¾hkag rdcH ueÈy;aùu flfrys ñ,a úfrdaO;d f.dkq lr we;¡ Tyq lshk mßÈ fuh zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| .eg¨jla fkdfõ¡ rcfha ueÈy;a ùu iïnkaOfhka úfrdaO;d 3 la f.dkqlrhs¡
^1&     isÿ l< hq;=j we;s ld¾hhka rchla úiska lrkjdg jvd ld¾hCIuj isÿlsÍug mqoa.,hka yelsúh yel"
^2&     isÿl< hq;= ld¾hhka jvd ld¾hCIuj lsÍug mqoa.,hka wfmdfydi;a jqjo" Tjqkaf.a Yla;sh yd yelshdjka yd udkisl wOHdmkh j¾Okh i|yd rel=,la jYfhka" tu ld¾hhka mqoa.,hka úiskau isÿl< hq;=h¡
^3&     l< hq;=j we;s lghq;= by; ks¾foaYhkg mgyeksj " úYd, n,hla we;sj isák wdKavqfõ n,hg" wkjYH f,i tlaúh yels ùu¡
        úspdrlhkag wkqj zz;ukaf.a mqrjeishka i|yd muKg jvd ld¾hhka bgqlr fok rchla iudc m%.;shg ydks muqKqjñka" fm!oa.,sl;ajfha ixj¾Okhg ndOd muqKqjk nj ñ,a úfõpkd;au;j bÈßm;a lr we;¡


Chatting With Friends
        ;reK jhfia§ Okm;s jHdmdßlfhl=f.a Nd¾hdjla jq yeßhÜ fÜ,¾ iu`. iagqj¾Ü ñ,a iïnkaO;djhla meje;ajq w;r" Okm;s iudch w;r th úfõpkhg ,laúh¡ miqj Tyq weh újdy lr .ks¡ iqpß;jdÈ iudc jHdmdr yd iudc ixúOdk fï iïnkaOfhka oelajq ueÈy;a ùu ñ,af.a o¾YkjdÈ wdl,amh ;=< ;Èka me,mÈhï úh¡ zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| fudyqf.a o¾Ykh fuu úfrdaO;d isoaêka úiska hd:dN+;  m%j¾Okhla we;sl< nj meyeÈ,sh¡ mqoa., ksoyi iïnkaO iudc ueÈy;aùu iDcqj widOrKnjo " iuyr wjia:dkq.; ;;a;ajh wkqj idOdrK úh hq;= njo Tyqf.a ;¾lhhs¡ fudyqf.a úYaf,aIKhkaf.a wjidk ks.uk flf¾ Tyqf.a w;aoelSï ;rfha n,md we;¡ Tyq ;¾l lrkafka zz^1& fjk;a ljfrl=f.a fyda Y+N isoaêhg wod, fkdjk kuq;a" iajlSh Y+N isoaêhg wod< lreKla iïnkaO mqoa., l%shd iïnkaOfhka tu mqoa.,hd iudchg j. fkdlsjhq;= nj" iy ^2&  iudcfha wkHhkag wjdisjk fyda ydksjk $ w.;shg fya;=jk fyda Tjqkaf.a zzksoyiZZ ms<sn|j we;s whs;Skag ydksjk l%shdjla  lsÍu iïnkaOfhka hïlsis mqoa.,fhl= iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r iudc wdpdr O¾u fyda fmdÿ kS;shg wkqj o`vqjï o ,eìh hq;=h¡ZZ" hkqfjks¡


Protesters Attacking to a Public Bus
 Y;j¾Ihlg fmr" ì%;dkHh yd hqfrdamd iudchSh w¾nqoj,g wkq.;j ñ,a bÈßm;a l< ;¾l j¾;udk iudchg o tf,iskau .e,fma¡ rchka úiska wd¾Ólh yd fj<\u yeisrùu iïnkaOfhkao" iudc wmrdO yd wh;d l%shd je<elaùu iïnkaOfhka o rchka úiska md,k wêldßh fj; n,h mejfr;s kS;s ^ Law & fndfyda foa Tyq w.h lrk w;r iuyr kS;s Wmydihg ,lalrhs¡ zzîu;a luZZ fyda w,ilu wkHhkag n,mdk fyda n,fkdmdk l%shdjla úh yelsh¡ tl< ì%;dkH rcfha me;sß.sh zzìu;aluZZ yd fínÿlu uoHdidr Ndú;hg ffO¾h §u ksid we;ajkakla nj;a " rch th uev meje;aúh hq;= nj;a" th iudc Wjÿrla nj;a" Tyq mejiqfõh¡ wdodhu jeälr .ekSu i|yd uoHidr  u; nÿ mekkùu Tyq wkqu; lrhs¡ tfy;a mßfNdackh wffO¾hu;a lsÍu wruqKq fldgf.k wêl nÿ mekùu  widOdrK iudc l%shdjla nj Tyq lshhs¡ rchla úiska zzksoyiZZ yd zzfmdÿ iudc ksoyiZZ ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï§ zzidOdrK;ajhZZ ms<sn| ks;sm%;sm;a;s fiau ksis wOHdmkhla orejkag §u i|yd fouõmshkag n,lrk kS;s o " ore mjq,la fmdaIKh lsÍug ;rï fkdjk ;;a;ajhl mqoa.,hkag újdy ùu ;ykï lsÍfï kS;so " mqoa.,sl ksoyi W,a,x>kh fkdlrk nj ñ,a fmkajd fohs¡

        zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| ñ,af.a Ñka;kfha îch jYfhka Tyq y÷kajkafka zzfuu ,smsfhys jIh jkafka o¾YkjdÈ iudch úiska idjoH f,i kï lr we;s" tfy;a  wjikdjka; f,iu thg m%;smlaI jk zzijÉPkaofhysZZ ksoyi fkdfõ¡  fuys jia;= úIh jkafka mqoa.,hd  u; iudch úiska kS;Hdkql=, f,i l%shd;aul l< yels n,fhys tkï" isú,a yd iudchSh ksoyfiys iajdNdjh yd iSudjkahZZ" ^ iagqjrÜ ó,a" 1959" úu,fiakú;dk m;srKf.a isxy, mßj¾;kh msgq 37& fudyqf.a ;¾lfhys uq,sl yrh kï" tl, ì%;dkHfha mej;s" iudc wdpdrO¾u yd fmdÿ ms<s.ekSï yd iudc kS;s$ pdß;% u`.ska " iudch úiska mqoa.,hd u; kS;Hdkql+,j l%shd;aul l< yels isú,a fyda iudc ksoyi ms<sn|j n,fhys iSudjka ;sìh hq;= njhs¡ we;a; jYfhkau iudc wd¾Ól mßKduh;a iu`. tlS  iudc ixia:d.; ksoyi ms<sn| iudc n,fhys  yels,Sula isÿjk  nj fmfka¡ ñ,a mjik mßÈ mqoa.,hd  u; iudch úiska l%shd;aul lrk ksoyi ms<sn| n,h b;d wE; hq.j,§ mjd ñksia j¾.hd fn§ug fya;=jq iudc m%Yakhls¡

        úoHdudk foaYmd,k b;sydih ;=< hg;ajeishka fyda hg;a jeishkaf.ka ksfhdackh jq mx;shla yd wdKavq w;r ksrka;r wr., meje;sks¡ Y%Sl" frdau yd tx.,ka; b;sydi m%jD;a;sj,g wkqj  b;du;a m%lg o¾Ykh ù we;af;a zzksoyi yd wêldrhZZw;r jq wr.,h nj ñ,a fmkajd fohs¡ fuu ld, ;=< ksoyi hkafka woyia lf<a foaYmd,k md,lhskaf.a fyda hg;aúð; wêldßka f.a mSvkfhka ksoyiaùuhs¡  fuhg iudk jq wêldß n,hka l%shd;aul jk iudchkays zzfoaY fm%añkaf.a wruqK úh hq;af;a iudchu; md,lhka úiska k%shd;aul lsÍug ú¾hhlrK n,hg iSudjla mekùuhs¡Z Tjqka úiska zzksoyiZZ hkqfjka w¾:l;kh lrkq ,nkafka fuu iSudjhs¡ZZ hkqfjka  ñ,a m%ldY lr we;¡ ksoyi Èkd .ekSu i|yd  ksis m%;sfrdaOhla $ le/,a,la we;s lsÍu hqla;s iy.; nj;a" ke;akï  md,ln,fhys jvd jeo.;a l%shdjka i|yd md,s; ck;d n,uKav,hlska md,k wêldßh úiska  wkque;sh .ekSfï l%fudamdhla ;sìh hq;= nj ñ,af.a woyihs¡ m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,kh ;=< jqjo" nyq;rhlf.a leue;a; u; n,h mejfrk md,k wêldß n,h we;s wdKavq úiska ;ukaf.au iq¿;rhlf.a m%cd mSvkh we;s lsÍu flfrys n,mEï we;s l< yels nj Tyqf.au u;h úh¡ fujeks m%cd mSvk flfrys tla tla  mqoa.,hd tlaùfuka iukaú; jk iudchu m%cd mSvlhd jkúg" lDDr md,kh hkak foaYmd,k wêldßka úiskau isÿlrkq ,nk ls%hdjla fkdjkq we;¡

6¡ iodpdrh" m%N+mka;sh yd rdcH m%;sm;a;s
        ñ,a ;¾l lrkafka zzm%N= mx;shla isák fld;ekl fyda fõjd tu rfgys iodpdrh ms<sn|j úYd, m%udKhla woyia WmÈkafka tu mx;sfhys Y+N isoaêh yd fY%aIaG;ajh ms<sn|j ye.Sug wkqrEmjk wdldrfhks¡ZZ fndfyda iudc fÄohkag " zzjrojd jgyd f.k we;s pdß;%jdß;% j, ;sfnk úÊcdldr n,meje;au fya;=jkafkao ñksiaj¾.hd úiska Tjqfkdjka fj; mkjdf.k we;s mqoa., yeisÍu" iïnkaO iudcÍ;s j,g rel=,la jYfhkao" iudchSh pdß;% jdß;% hkaf.a n,mEu iudc l%uh ;=<u ia:dms; lr .kakd ,§¡ hkqfjka Tyq olajkafka mqoa., ksoyi yd yeisÍu iïnkaOfhka iudch úiska olajk wêldß n,h ñ;Hjla njh¡ my; oelafjk Tyqf.a woyia ;shqKqh¡ ñksia iudch ;=< wdfõKsl ,laIKhla jkafka wkq.ukh lsÍu ms<sn| mqreoaohs¡ ;ud úiskau yd ;u mßjdr wkq.dñ ck;dj úiska o lghq;= l< wldrhg iudcfha wfkl=;a mqoa.,hkap l%shdl, hq;=h hk u;h iEu ukqIHfhl= ;=<u uq,aneif.k we;s woyils¡ kS;sfhka fyda cku;h u`.ska fyda mqoa., yeisÍu ms<sn|j mekfjk kS;sÍ;s l%shd;aul lsrug fyda thska je,lS isáug fyda ñksid l%shd;au; jkafka iajlSh iajdñjreka úiska fyda foújreka úiska ;uka flfrys olajk mlaImd;s Ndjhg fyda ms<sl=<g ñksiaj¾.hd jy,aj isák neúks¡ iqpß;Ndjh ms<sn|j .eg¨j,§ ñksid lDDr jOysxidj,g,la jkafka tlS .e;slu fyda jy,aNdjh ms<sn| ñ;Hd ufkdaNdjhka ksid nj ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ ñksia iudch úiska ia:djrNdjhlska hqla;j b;d Wodr;ajhla ysñlr .ksñka mj;ajdf.k meñK we;s úYaIaG ldrKh wd.ñl úYajdi nj;a" wka;.dñ yd iudc ys;ldó fkdjk wd.ñl oafõYh mokï fldg wúpdrYs,s Ndjfhka iajlSh u;fhysu t,anf.k isák wd.ñl ixia:du`.ska iodpdr ye`.sï ms<sn|j iïm%odhsl .;dkq.;sl;ajh flfrys lsis÷ ielhla fkdolaj;s¡

tfia jqjo" 18 jeks ishjfia isg m%isoaêfha mqoa.,hd i;= whs;sh zzksoyiZZ ms<sn|j ñ,af.a u;fhys bÈßm;a jq ;¾l w;r wmeyeÈ,s;djhka we;¡ thg fya;=j ;d¾;s; .eg¨ yd wixl+,;djhhs¡ zzksoyiZZ ms<sn| úu¾Ykfha§ zzksoyiZZ iudch ;=< wod, lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka ks¾jpk ksrdl+,Ndjhla fkd;sìñh¡ flfia jqjo iudc ueÈy;aùfuka fyda rcfha md,kafhka zzfm!oa.,sl ksoyiZZ wdrCId lr.; hq;=h hk f;audj meyeÈ,sj bÈßm;a ù we;¡ tfiau od¾Yksl miqìul isg ^1& iudc fyda mqoa.,sl zzis;=ú,sZZ yd zzl%shdjka ZZ w;r  fjkio @ ^2&  iudc iïuq;sh $ wdpdrO¾u  yd iudc iïm%odh yd rcfha md,kh w;r fjkio @ ^3&  mqoa.,hd i;= w;audfmaCIdj yd mßksIaG yeisÍu ms<sn| fjki o wjodrKhg ,la ù we;¡ is;Sfï ksoyi fukau u;hla m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi o ;sìh hq;= njg wjOdrKh lr we;¡ u;hla m%ldY lsÍu iudcfhys wkHhkag n,meje;sõh yels l%shdjla jqjo" u;hla m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyig lsisúfgl;a ndOdfkdl, hq;= nj fmkajd fohs¡ tfia jqjo wfkl=;a idudðlhkaf.a whs;sjdislïj,g wod, fkdjk ldrKd j,§ zziudchSh fyda uyck u;fhys iduqys; wêldrhZZ fmkajd fohs¡ uyck u;hka md,kh lsÍu i|yd jk rdcH wêldr u;fhys m%n,;ajh wêljk w;r tlS mSvdldÍ nkaOkhla we;s flfrk njgo Tyq ;jÿrg;a ;¾l lrhs¡ wdpd¾h lßka ä Is,aâia úiska ñ,af.a zzksoyiZZ  kï lD;sh ;=< Yla;sh olakafka zzñksidg iy iudchg" úúOdldr jq pß; rdYshl we;s jeo.;alu iy" udkqIsl m%lD;shg thg ßÈ mßÈ" wkka;jQ;a" úioDYjq;a Èidjkag jHdma; ùug iïmq¾K ksoyi §fï we;s jeo.;aluhsZZ jYfhks¡

        mqoa.,fhl= ;=< udkisl yd iodpdrd;au; m%lD;sh j¾Okh ùfï l%shdj,sfha § iïm%odhsl iudc iïuq;s úiska ndod fkdl< hq;af;ah¡ zzksoyiZZ ke;akï zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ ms<sn\ ms<s.;a uq,O¾u wndÈ;j meje;au u`.ska mqoa., pß; yd fm!reI;aj j¾Okh ùu ;=<ska we;s flfrk iudc w.hka yd  iudc j¾Okhk buy;ah¡ iy ;u úreoaOjd§ msßiaj,g tfrysj ;u n,h yd ksoyi l%shd;aul lsÍug iudchg we;s whs;sh m%isoaêfha m%ldY flrefKka zzksoyiZZ i|yd jq wd.ñl újdo mßY%hla ;=< Èh¡ fuu ld,h ;=< " uyckhdf.a wNsreÑhg m%;smCIjk wNsreÈhla wdKavqj ksfhdackh lrk njg ;snq úYajdih u; " mqoa., ksoyi ms<sn| rcfha ueÈy;a ùu flf¾¡ ck;dj ielfhka isák nj;a" fm!oa.,sl ksoyig wvx.= hful=f.a fm!oa.,sl foaj,a md,kh lsÍug rdcH ueÈy;aùu fkdl< hq;= njg;a ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ m%cd;ka;%jdÈ md,k l%u yd wdKavqfõ uOHu mx;sfha ksfhdackh jeäùu;a iu`. mqoa.,sl ksoyi wdKavqfõ wdl%uKhg ,lajk iuld,Sk nqoaêu;=ka úiska ;¾lrK ,§¡ tfia jqjo rcfha ueÈy;aùu ms<sn| fya;= iys;j iïm%odhsl jYfhka úu¾Ykh lsÍug yd fhda.Hho" wfhda.Hho hkak ;SrKh lsÍug isoaOdka;hla ke;snjo  Tjqka  ta;a;= .;af;ah¡

iudc m%.;sh i|yd zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iïnkaO kS;Hdkql+, wjia:djka fyda lafIa;%hkao " iudc wêldßfha ueÈy;aùu iïnkaO kS;s wjia:d yd lafIa;%hka o" ú.%y lsÍu  19 jeks ishjfiys hqfrdamfha nqoaêu;=ka ú.%y lf<ah¡ fï ish¨ foa zziudcm%.;shZZ hk uy`.= wruqK u; ielish hq;=fõ¡ zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ fyda iudchSh fmdÿ ksoyiZZ u`.ska udkj j¾.hdf.a m%.;shg ys;lrjk ish¨ l%shdjkaf.a iSudjkao" udkj m%.;shg ys;lr fkdjk l%shdjkaf.a iSudjkao" od¾Yksl nqoaêu;=ka fukau kS;sh ms<sn| nqoaêu;=kao y÷kd .ekSug W;aidy fldg ;sfí¡ mqoa., ksoyi flf¾ iudc wêldßfha n,mEu ms<sn| .eg¨j iudc úoHd;aul jYfhka m%dfhda.sl .eg¨jls¡ thg ms<s;=re ,efnkqfha iudc wd¾Ól m%.;shg wkql+,jh¡

zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ ms<sn| ldrKh " foaYmd,k od¾Yksl iajrEmfhka ú.%y lsÍug 19 jeks ishjfiys nqoaêu;=ka fm<Uqk w;r " foaYmd,k ksoyi iy fmdÿ ck wNs,dYhka yd ne\qKq iudcm%.;sh wruqKq lr.;a Ñka;kj rgdjka úúO uqyqKqjßka biau;=jkakg úh¡ fnka;ï jd§kaf.a m%h;akh jq iq¿;rhla jq bvï ysñ m%N+mx;shg tfrysj" uOHu mx;sfha foaYmd,k n,h ;yjqre ;sÍuh¡ fï wkqj 19 jeks ishjfia uq,aNd.h ;=< fnka;ïjd§ foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK we;súh¡ zzksoyiZZ yd zziudc m%.;shZZ u; isg jeäu msßilg jeäu hym; ie,fik foaYmd,k wd¾Ól Ñka;kh Wkkaÿ lsÍu w;HdjYH wxYh njg m;aúh¡ fï w;r" lïlre mx;sfha foaYmd,k wd¾Ól ksoyi ms<sn| u;o u;=jkakg úh¡

Tyqf.a .%ka:fha uq,a mßÉfþofha§u zzksoyig fmrjoklaZZ jYfhka wdrïNfha§u ;¾l lrkafka zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ wdl,amkh lsÍfï §  mqoa., ksoyi u`.ska wkHhka fj; flfrk n,mEu muKlau uq,a;ekg .ekSu fld;rï fhda.Hjkafkaoehs ;¾l lrñksZZ ´kEu flfkl=f.a yeisÍfuys  Tyq iudchg j.lsj hq;= fldgi kï" wkHhkag wod, jk fldgihs¡ ;ukagu muKla n,mj;ajk fldgi iïnkaOfhka Tyqg we;s ksoyi  mru whs;sjdisluls¡ ;uka iïnkaOfhka Tyqg we;s mru  whs;sjdisluls¡ ;uka iïnkaOfhka fukau ;udf.a isrer iy uki iïnkaOfhkao mqoa.,hdg iajdêm;Hh ysñhZZ hkqfjka ñ,a ;¾l lrhs¡ ;jo ish¨u wdldrfha wdpdr O¾u yd wdY%s; .eg¨ ms<sn| m%n,u wdl¾Ykh úh hq;af;a  tys zzWmfhda.S;djh ZZms<sn| ;;ajhhs¡ th ñksia j¾.hdf.a iaÓr iqN isoaêh u; mokï úh hq;=h¡ th mq¿,a w¾:hl Wmfhda.s;djhlao úh hq;=uh" hkak f.kyer olajhs¡

        oekg ñksid úiska ,nd we;s iudc wd¾Ól m%.;shg wkql+,jk j¾;udk YsIagdodrh úiska" mqoa., ksoyi u; flfrk ls%hdjla u`.ska wfkl=;a whs;sjdislïj,g wjysr jk úg tu l%shdj ndysr md,khlg tkï" iudc wêldr n,hg o" kS;shg o hg;afõ¡ tfiau mqoa.,hd úiska iudchg bgqúh hq;=lï meyer yeÍuo iudc wêldß n,hg yd kS;shg h;a fõ¡ mqoa.,fhl= hïlsis l%shdjla lsÍfuka muKla fkdj hïlsis l%shdjla fkdlsÍfuka o wkHhkag fyda iudchg kmqrla isÿl< yelsh¡ j¾;udk kS;su`.ska yd iudc Í;s u`.ska " rchka úiska yd iudch úiska fulS ;;a;ajhka wjia:dfkdaÑ; mßÈ ueÈy;a ùulg ,la lrkq ,nhs¡ tfia jqjo" is;sfï ksoyio" thg iïnkaO woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyio" ,sùfï ksoyio " 18 jk ishji jk úg hqfrdamh mqrd ia:dms; fjñka meje;sks¡  fuu ksoyi ms<sn|j we;sj újD; Ndjhka " ixjdoYs,s Ndjhka" ck;dn,h ms<sn|j yd m%cd;ka;%jd§ wdKavql%u ms<sn|j uq,sl u; ms<s.ekSulg m%úIaGhla ,nd.;af;ah¡

        iagqj¾Ü ñ,af.a .%ka:fha fojeks mßÉfþofhka zzis;sfï yd idlÉPd lsÍfï ksoyiZZ ms<sn| ú.%yhl fhfohs¡ hqfrdamd b;sydifhys 18-19 ishjia ;=< nqoaêu;=ka jeä jYfhka oeä wjodkh fhduq lf<a fï ms<sn|jh¡ foaYmd,kh yd od¾Yksl b;sydifha ñksid jeä m%udKhl  ksoyila N+la;s úÈh hq;= jqfha  fï úIh ms<sn|jh¡ zm%ldYkhZ iy zu;hZ ms<sn| ;¾l lrk ñ,a zzu;hl I;H;dj jq l,s tys Wmfhda.s;djfhkau fldgila njZZ fmkajd fohs¡ b;du hym;a ñksiqkaf.a u;h wkqj i;Hhg mgyeks ´keu úYajdihla ks;HjYfhkau m%fhdackj;a fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs¡
       
7¡ ksoyi yd u; .egqu
ñ,af.a .%ka:fha 3 jeks mßÉfþofhka ksoyi ms<n| Tyqf.a m%ia;=; f;audj jq zzY=N idOkfhys uq,sl wx.hla jYfhka fm!oa.,sl;ajfhys ksoyiZZ ms<sn|j ú.%y lrhs¡ fuys§ wkHhkag tkï wkHkaf.a ksoyig ndOd muqKqjkakd jq fyda w.;s.dójkakd jq fyda l%shdjla lsÍug zzmqoa.,sl ksoyiZZ ;=< wjldYhla fkd;sìh hq;=h hkak ñ,a ;rfha ms<s.ks¡ zzu; m%ldYlrK wjia:dkq.; ;;ajh wkqj tajd u`.ska lsishï uer l%shdjlg ck;dj ;=< Wis.kajkq ,nkafka kï ta ksid u;j,g ysñj we;s zzuqla;shZZ wysñj hkafkah¡ZZ  zz--- ÿmam;=ka l=i.skafka ;nkafka ;sß`.= fj<÷ka úiska hhso" fmd!oa.,sl foam< jq l,S  uxfld,a,lk ,oafoa hhso" m;% ud¾.fhka m;=rejd yeßh úg bka mSvdjla ùug bv ke;¡ tfy;a ;sß`.= fjf<kafol=f.a ksjila bÈßmsg /iaj  isák l,n,ldß ck;djla wu;d th m%ldY l< úg fyda m;dlhla jYfhka ilia lr th Tjqka w;g m;a l< úg" ta i|yd o`vqjï meñKs ùug idOdrK bvla ;sfí¡ZZ hkqfjka ñ,a iduldó iy ;d¾ls; mßirhl isg  fmkajd § ;sfí¡  fuh  zzñ,aZZ f.a fjk;a ldrKd iïnkaO oeä úfõpk iu`. ixikaokh  lsÍfïÈ  Tyq iodpdrh yd kS;sh ms<sn|jo f.!rjdkaú;j fuysÈ lreKq bÈßm;a lr we;s nj ms<s.; hq;=h¡

iagqjrÜ ñ,a Tyqf.a .%ka:fha 4 jeks mßÉfþofhka zzmqoa.,hd u; iudch úiska mj;ajk wên,fhys iSudjkaZZ ms<sn| úfõpkd;aul úu¾IKhla lrhs¡ Tyqf.a uq,slu ;¾lh Tyq f.dvk.kafka fufiah¡ zz;uka iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,fhl= i;=j we;s mrudëm;Hhg ksisf,i ysñúh hq;= iSudj l=ulao@ mqoa.,hd u; iudch i;= wên,fhys wdrïNh we;s jkafka fld;ekskao@  udkj ðú;fhka fld;rï m%udKhla mejßh hq;= jkafka o@  iudcuh ne§ï kshukh msKsi iudchg;a  mejßh hq;=jkafka o@ iudcuh ne§ï ks.ukh msKsi iudc iïuq;s wjYH fkdjk nj;a thska hym;la fkdjk nj;a fm!oa.,sl;ajh iy zzmqoa., ksoyiZZ iy iudc whs;sjdislï yd iudchSh fmdÿ ksoyi n,k úg ta ta wxY flfrys jvd;a wod,jk lreKq fudkjdo hkak ksYaÑ; fldg" iudc Ôú;h ;=< mqoa.,hd ie,ls,a,la olajk foh fm!oa.,sl;ajhg o" iudc ie,ls,a,la olajk fldgi  iudchg o ysñúh hq;= nj Tyqf.a woyihs¡  fufia ia:r folla ;=< jk yeisÍu ;=< mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r fndfydaúg >Ügk we;súh yelsnj Tyqf.a ;¾lhg  yiqù ke;¡ tfia jqjo " zzmqoa.,hdZZ iy iudch w;r ne÷Kq iïuq;shla wjYHh nj;a" iudcfhka Tyqg ,efnk  wdrCIdj yd m%fhdackj,g ir,k f,i Tyqf.ka iudchgo Tyq hula ,ndÈh hq;=nj ms<s.ks¡ zziudch ;=< Ôj;aùu hkq h:d¾:hla ksidu"  tys Ôj;ajk iEu mqoa.,fhl=u" wfkl=;a  mqoa.,hka flfrys mej;sh hq;= lsishï l%uhla wkq.ukh lsÍu wksjd¾h ù ;sfíZZ  fufia iudch yd mqoa.,hd ;=<  meje;au u; meje;sh hq;= nj Tyq ms<sf.k we;¡ fuu iïnkaO;djh ;=< " kS;uh jYfhka mekù we;s úêúOdk u`.ska flfrk md,khg wod, meje;au iy iudc kS;s yd iudc m%;sm;a;s u`.ska ksy`vj we;s lrf.k we;s fyda we;s lr.; yels wjfndaOh u; whs;sjdislï jYfhka ms<s.efkk foa ksoyi ;+< ks;e;skau we;=<;a ù we;¡

        mqoa.,fhl= úiska wmlS¾;shg m;ajk foa w;r" Tyq úiska lrk foa iy Tyq ,nd we;s mqreÿ yd iudcfha fmdÿ wfmaCId yd mqreId¾: iu`. .eàfuka we;sjk foa m%Odk ;ekla .kS¡ mqoa., wj.=K jYfhka yd iodpdr úfrdaë ÿYapß; ms<sn| iudc ú{dKh  mqoa.,hd flf¾ iDcqju n,mdhs¡ tfia jqjo mqoa.,hka i;=j we;s zzw;audfmaCI ZZ jerÈj, ÿIaGlula ke;snj;a" mqoa.,hd ;ud flf¾  ie,ls<su;a úh hq;af;a l=uk fya;=jla ksido hkak;a mqoa.,hdf.a zzfm!oa.,sl;ajhZZ g wod, m%YaKhls¡ wfkla w;g " mqoa.,hdu; iudc n,fha idOdrK me;a;la we;s nj;a" fndfyda úg .egqï we;sjkqfha ñksid ;=< we;s fmdÿ úIu;djhka jk" ;r`.ldß;ajh" B¾IHdj " fl%daOh" ffjrh" m<s.ekSu " mlaImd;s;jh jeks lreKq w;r jk yeisÍï ksidh¡ fï wkqj zzmqoa.,hdZZ fukau iudcho Tjqfkdjqka úiskau isÿlr.kakd wk¾:lï" wju lr .ekSu iïnkaO fmdÿ iyfhda.S;djh Yla;su;a l< hq;=h¡

        iagqj¾Ü ñ,a Tyqf.a .%ka:fha wjidk mßÉfþofhka zzNdú;hZZ ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrhs¡ Tyqf.a iïmq¾K W;aidyh ;=< isoaOdka; folla Tiafia ;¾l lr we;¡  m<uq isoaOdka;h kï  mqoa.,fhl= úiska lrk l%shdjla Tyqgu  yer" Tyqf.a Y=N isoaêhg muKula jk kuq;a   fjk;a wfhl=g  fyda iudc Y=N isoaêhg fya;= fkdfõ kï jqjo"  Tyq iudchg j.lj hq;= fkdfõ¡ iudch ;=<  wm%idohla we;akï  hqla;siy.; ud¾.h jkafka Tyqg wjjdo lsÍu fyda Tyq u.yer isàuhs¡ fojk isoaOdka;h kï" wkHhkaf.a Y+N isoaêhg yd whs;sjdislïj,g ydks iys; l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd iudchg j.lsj hq;= w;r Tyq iudch úiska fyda kS;sh u`.ska o`vqjulg hg;a lsÍu hqla;s iy;hZZhkakhs¡

        fuu mßÉfþofha jeä fldgi zzksoyiZZ iïnkaOfhka rcfha iy iodpdr ixia:djkaf.a wka;¾ iïnkaOfhys iajrEmh ú.%y lrhs¡ ì%;dkHh ;=< 18 iy 19 jk Y; j¾Ij, we;sjq nqoaê m%fndaOh ;=<  úúO foaYmd,k o¾Yk we;sjq w;r iagqjÜ  ñ,a  zzksoyiZZ hkak mq¿,a lafI;%h; mj;sk nj ikd: lf<ah¡ mqoa.,hd i;=  foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï  yd Okh fn§hEu ms<sn|j kj m%;sixialrK flfrys we§hkakg jQfha fuu m%;sm;a;s >Ügkh  ;=<g iudcjdÈ lïlre mx;sh w; oeóu;a iu`.h¡ lïlre mx;sfha foaYmd,k wd¾Ól ksoyi ms<sn| iudcjd§ Ñka;kh fjkqjg whs;sjdislï ms<sn| m%;sixialrK jd§kaf.a ueÈy;aùu foaYmd,k iudch ;=< olakg ,enqKs¡ ,snr,a jd§kaf.a ueÈy;a ùu foaYmd,k iudch ;=< olakg ,enqKs¡ ,snr,ajd§ka fyj;a iaj;ka;% jd§ka yd /äl,a fyj;a WkauQ,jdÈkaf.a o¾Yk yd l%shdl,dm w;r iagqj¾Ü ñ,a foda,kh jQ nj foaYmd,k úpdrlhkaf.a woyihs¡ úfYaI lreK kï lemSfmfkk foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKjd§ Ñka;khka ;=< ^ fnka;ïjd§ iy f*aìhka jd§& ;snq úúOdlr Ñka;k .egqï w;r zzksoyiZZ yd neÿKq rcfha wêldßn,h yd mqoa., ksoyi yd ne÷Kq iudc ixia:d wêldr n,h iïnkaO bÈß Ñka;khkaf.a j¾Okh m%úIaG  fodrlvla iagqj¾Ü ñ,a úiska újD; l< nj fmdÿ ms<s.ekSuhs¡

        ñ,a ;¾l lrkafka hïlsis iudchg wys; lr hula md,kh lsÍu fyda ;ykï lsÍfï §  wkq.ukh l< hq;af;a  ksIamdolhdf.a fyda fjf<kaodf.a ksoyig ndOd lsÍï ksid fkdj nvq .ekqïlrejkaf.a ksoyig ndod lsÍu ksidh¡ îu;alu mqoa., wfmaCIs; l%shdjkag wh;a nj;a rcfha fyda  iudcfha ueÈy;aùug wjYHh l%shdjla fkdjk njg ;¾l lrhs¡ tfy;a îu;alu ksid wkHkag jk lror j,§ muKla iudchg fyda kS;shg ueÈy;a úh yelsh¡ îu;a lñka ksrka;rj wkHhkag lror lrk mqoa.,hd flfrys t,a,jk  o`vqjï" Tyqf.a ksoyi W,a,x.Kh lsÍula fkdfõ¡ fï whqßkau Tyq iqÿ fl<sh yd .Ksld jD;a;sh jeks jerÈ ms<sn| ;¾l lrhs¡ fmd,sishg fld;rï n,;, ÿkak;a iQÿ fmd,j,a hï hï fya;=u; mj;ajdf.k hdug mq¿jka lu we;¡ fuu lghq;=j, kshqla; jk mqoa.,hka muKla tu lghq;=j, kshqla; jk ksid tajdfha ryiH Ndjh iudchg o" rchgo wkdjrKh lr.; fkdyel¡ hïlsis NdKavhla Ndú;d lrk wh w;r iudc Ndú;h wju lsÍu i|yd  ñ, wêl lsÍu fyda ;ykï lsÍu nyq;rhlf.a ksoyi W,a,x>kh lsÍula nj;a" mqoa.,hd yd iudc l%shdldrlï iïnkaOfhkao  " fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d iïnkaO mqoa.,hd i;= ksoyi whs;sjdislï o fjkqfjka rcfha ueÈy;a ùu ksid mqoa., ksoyi lvùfï ;;a;ajhg m;a fkdúh hq;= nj iagqj¾g’ ó,a ;rfha úYajdi lrhs¡ -
Dr. D. Tennakoon
























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